[What is a cost-benefit analysis?].

Mismatch losses ignore the performance of individual photovoltaic (PV) modules and cut back most of the power from the PV array. These losses mainly due to partial shading condition (PSC), are caused by the reduction of spacing between PV modules, passing clouds, and near buildings, etc. Several techniques are present in the literature to cut back the partial shading issues. One of the most effective methods is the reconfiguration techniques, namely reconfigure the location of PV modules in PV array so as to distribute partial shading effects and increase the maximum power output. This paper proposes an Improved SuDoKu reconfiguration pattern for 9 × 9 Total-Cross-Tied (TCT) PV array to enhance maximum power output under partial shading conditions. The main aim of this approach is to arrange the PV modules in TCT array according to the SuDoKu pattern without altering the electrical connections. Further, the performance of the proposed pattern is evaluated with different existing PV array configurations by comparing the Global Maximum Power Point (GMPP), Mismatch Losses (ML), Fill Factor (FF) and Efficiency (η). Based on the results of this paper, it is concluded that the proposed improved SuDoKu PV array arrangement enhances the global maximum power under all shading conditions.

Improved SuDoKu reconfiguration technique for total-cross-tied PV array to enhance maximum power under partial shading conditions

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/244123/1/1699067163.pdf

Classification and summarization of solar photovoltaic MPPT techniques: A review based on traditional and intelligent control strategies

Optimal photovoltaic array reconfiguration for alleviating the partial shading influence based on a modified harris hawks optimizer

Fractional chaotic ensemble particle swarm optimizer for identifying the single, double, and three diode photovoltaic models’ parameters

Reconfiguration strategies for reducing partial shading effects in photovoltaic arrays: State of the art

Enhancement of maximum power output through reconfiguration techniques under non-uniform irradiance conditions

Unequal solar irradiance of the Photovoltaic (PV) modules diminishes the PV array's maximum power output; this effect is due to Partial Shading Conditions (PSCs). There are a few technical options to fix this issue. One of these is the dynamic reconfiguration technique, which means that the electrical connections between the PV modules in the array are dynamically modified to spread shading effects and increase the power output. This paper proposed a novel adaptive reconfiguration method for 3 × 3 Total-Cross-Tied (TCT) PV array to enhance the maximum power under partial shading conditions. In this work, the PV module's electrical connections are altered dynamically with the proposed logic algorithm's help to maintain the identical row currents in the array. This technique is implemented on 3 × 3 size of an array using MATLAB and validated experimentally using OPAL-RT software. Further, the proposed technique performance is compared with the existing PV array connections such as Series-Parallel (SP), Total-Cross-Tied (TCT), Bridge-Link (BL), Honey-Comb (HC), and Shade Dispersion Positioning (SDP). Additionally, for different reconfiguration methods, revenue generation from energy savings is estimated. Based on the observations from the results, it is understood that the proposed technique enhanced the maximum power of the TCT array at a higher level as compared to the other PV array connections under PSCs.

A novel adaptive dynamic photovoltaic reconfiguration system to mitigate mismatch effects

Power delivered by a Photovoltaic (PV) array reduces significantly due to non-uniform irradiance condition. The reduction of output power is not directly proportional to the shading area but depends on the shading pattern, array configuration and the physical location of modules in PV array. Many techniques have been reported in the literature to reduce partial shading effects. One of the effective technique is reconfiguration strategies. This paper presents the comparative study on SuDoKu and optimal SuDoKu reconfiguration techniques for $9\times 9$ Total-Cross-Tied (TCT) PV array under partial shading condition (PSC). In this approach, the physical location of modules in TCT PV array are changing based on SuDoKu and optimal SuDoKu patterns without altering any electrical connections. In addition to this, the performance analysis is carried out by comparing the global maximum power point (GMPP) and voltage at the global maximum power $(V_{GMPP})$ under different shading conditions by using MATLAB-SIMULINK.

G. Sai Krishna

Papers

Improved SuDoKu reconfiguration technique for total-cross-tied PV array to enhance maximum power under partial shading conditions

Reconfiguration strategies for reducing partial shading effects in photovoltaic arrays: State of the art

Enhancement of maximum power output through reconfiguration techniques under non-uniform irradiance conditions

A novel adaptive dynamic photovoltaic reconfiguration system to mitigate mismatch effects

SuDoKu and Optimal SuDoKu Reconfiguration for TCT PV array Under Non-Uniform Irradiance Condition