Showing papers by "Gabriel Rubio published in 2019"
TL;DR: Results suggest a relevant role of BDNF/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 2 signaling in alcohol‐induced cognitive impairment and suggest that early alcohol exposure‐derived effects on cognition are associated with neurotrophin signaling deficits.
Abstract: Chronic alcohol consumption is associated with neurocognitive and memory deficits, dramatically affecting plasticity and connectivity, with maximal expression as dementia Neurotrophic factors may contribute to alcohol-related cognitive decline For further investigation, a cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the association of cognitive impairment, by using frontal assessment battery, and memory loss, using memory failures everyday, with the circulating levels of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin 3 (NT-3) in abstinent subjects with alcohol use disorders (AUDs, N = 58, average of 179 years of problematic use and 43 months of abstinence) compared with healthy control subjects (N = 22) This association was also explored in a pre-clinical model of adolescent rats chronically exposed to alcohol up to adulthood (~77 days old) in a three-bottle free-choice (5-10-20 percent), repeated abstinence and relapse paradigm AUD subjects had low educational level and cognitive impairment associated with teenage consumption and lower circulating levels of BDNF and NT-3 Only BDNF concentration showed a positive correlation with frontal assessment battery in AUD patients In the ethanol-exposed rats, the plasma levels of BDNF and NT-3 were also decreased, and a negative correlation between hippocampal Bdnf mRNA levels and recognition memory was found The ethanol-exposed rat hippocampus showed a decrease in the mRNA levels of neurotrophic (Bdnf and Ntf-3) and neurogenic (Mki67, Sox2, Dcx, Ncam1 and Calb1) factors, associated to a deactivation of the neurogenic regulator mitogen-activated protein kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase Results suggest a relevant role of BDNF/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 signaling in alcohol-induced cognitive impairment and suggest that early alcohol exposure-derived effects on cognition are associated with neurotrophin signaling deficits
40 citations
TL;DR: A bibliometric study was undertaken of peer-reviewed publications on atypical antipsychotic drugs (AADs) from the United Kingdom and the findings are presented in this paper.
Abstract: Objective:A bibliometric study was undertaken of peer-reviewed publications on atypical antipsychotic drugs (AADs) from the United Kingdom and the findings are presented herein.Methods:We selected ...
20 citations
TL;DR: Results show that problematic use is consistent with the self-perception of abuse and is related to internet browsing, social media, music, and mobile games; particular applications of interest include Facebook, music applications, and Twitter.
Abstract: Mobile phone abuse may be associated with health problems as well as with interferences in daily life. However, beyond the mobile as a device, the contributions of specific utilities and applications to the problematic mobile phone use remains to be analyzed. To address this important question we conducted 1,126 online interviews in Spain with participants aged 16 to 65 who are representative of the general population. The aim of the study was to analyze the patterns and differences of cell phone use based on habitual use, abuse, and problematic use, considering the most frequently used utilities and applications. Additional variables used were personal perception of cell phones, intensity of use, and participant’s lifestyle with regard to entertainment and the maintenance of healthy habits. Further, we aimed to analyze difference between problematic and non-problematic mobile phone users in the utilization of applications, controlling for additional variables such as age, gender, educational level, consumption of tobacco and alcohol and illegal drugs. Results show that problematic use is consistent with the self-perception of abuse and is related to internet browsing, social media, music, and mobile games; particular applications of interest include Facebook, music applications, and Twitter. Furthermore, among problematic users, a pattern of interference with other activities or inappropriate use in certain contexts is observed, with a differential pattern of entertainment and abandonment of healthy habits. Finally, two binary logistic regression analyses demonstrated that beyond the cell phones themselves, specific utilities and applications such as browsing, chatting, or downloading and listening to music contribute to the differences between problematic and non-problematic users. Specifically, the use of Facebook, Twitter, and music applications have the greatest power to discriminate between the two types of users.
18 citations
TL;DR: Analyzing sex differences in the DSM-5 criteria among patients admitted to their first treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD) found social impairment and risky alcohol use are significantly more frequent in men.
Abstract: Objective: We aimed to analyze sex differences in the DSM-5 criteria among patients admitted to their first treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Methods: Assessment of AUD was carried out using DSM-5 diagnostic criteria in a multicenter study (CohRTA) within the Spanish Network on Addictive Disorders. Further, baseline questionnaires including socio-demographics, family history, lifetime alcohol consumption and other substance use, as well as clinical and laboratory parameters were obtained during admission. Results: 313 patients (74.8%M) were eligible; mean age at first AUD treatment was 48.8 years (standard deviation (SD): 9.9 years). Age at onset of alcohol use was 15.9 years (SD: 3.3 years) and age at starting regular alcohol consumption was 25.6 years (SD: 9.6 years). Almost 69.3% of patients were tobacco smokers and 61% had family history of AUD. Regarding other substance use, 7.7% were current cocaine users and 18.2% were cannabis users. Women started regular alcohol consumption later than men (p<.001) and used benzodiazepines more frequently (p=.013). According to DSM-5, 89.5% of cases had severe AUD (≥6 criteria). In the adjusted analysis (logistic regression), men were more likely to neglect major rules (OR=1.92, 95%CI: 1.06-3.48) and to have hazardous alcohol use (OR=3.00, 95%CI: 1.65-5.46). Discussion: DSM-5 detects sex differences in patients seeking their first AUD treatment. Social impairment and risky alcohol use are significantly more frequent in men.
7 citations
TL;DR: There was a significant correlation between these findings and cognitive impairment (measured with the Test de Deteccion de Deterioro Cognitivo en Alcoholismo (TEDCA)), but not with alcohol consumption.
Abstract: The objectives of the present study are to determine the effects of alcohol use on the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and macular thickness of abstinent patients with alcohol use disorders (AUD) and to assess whether it correlates with alcohol consumption and/or cognitive impairment. This was a prospective, observational study that included 21 patients (42 eyes) and 21 controls (42 eyes). Patients met the criteria for early remission AUD at the moment of inclusion. We used optical coherence tomography to assess retinal thickness. Macular thickness in the group of AUD patients was lower in all quadrants (p < 0.05), with the exception of the peripheral and central. Regarding the nerve fiber layer in the macular and papilla areas, we found no significant differences. At the retina ganglion cell layer and in the nerve fiber of the macula, we found significant differences in all quadrants (p < 0.05), with the exception of the superior and superior nasal area, for the right eye. For the left eye, the only differences were found in the lower quadrant. Finally, when comparing the AUD patients to the controls, we found significant reductions in the ganglion cell layer of the macula in all quadrants in the former. There was a significant correlation between these findings and cognitive impairment (measured with the Test de Deteccion de Deterioro Cognitivo en Alcoholismo (TEDCA)), but not with alcohol consumption. Alcohol consumption is correlated with retinal harm and related cognitive decline.
5 citations
TL;DR: Las drogas con cribado de riesgo más consumidas fueron el tabaco, el alcohol, los sedantes o los hipnóticos, y el cannabis, encontrándose algunas diferencias: los hombres consumían más alcohol y cannabis; las mujeres tenían mayor consumo of sedantes/hipnóicos than los homales.
Abstract: Resumen Objetivo El objetivo es estimar la prevalencia de consumos de riesgo de drogas y patrones de consumo en atencion primaria. Diseno Estudio multicentrico descriptivo transversal. Emplazamiento Cinco centros de salud del area Sur de Madrid. Participantes Poblacion consultante en atencion primaria entre 16-100 anos. Mediciones Se utilizo el test ASSIST validado al castellano de la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud para el cribado de consumo de drogas. Se calculo la puntuacion total para cada droga. Resultados Se realizaron un total de 441 cribados. La edad media fue de 51,3 anos y un 56,1% presento algun consumo de riesgo moderado o grave para alguna de las 9 sustancias cribadas. Las drogas con cribado de riesgo mas consumidas fueron el tabaco (41,7%), el alcohol (15,4%), los sedantes o los hipnoticos (13,7%) y el cannabis (5,7%), encontrandose algunas diferencias: los hombres consumian mas alcohol y cannabis; las mujeres tenian mayor consumo de sedantes/hipnoticos que los hombres. Se observo policonsumo en un 16% de los sujetos. Conclusiones Existen riesgos derivados del consumo tabaco, alcohol, sedantes y cannabis en atencion primaria. Existe una mayor prevalencia de sedantes e hipnoticos.
2 citations