Development status of CLAM steel for fusion application

Laves phases with their comparably simple crystal structure are very common intermetallic phases and can be formed from element combinations all over the periodic table resulting in a huge number of known examples. Even though this type of phases is known for almost 100 years, and although a lot of information on stability, structure, and properties has accumulated especially during the last about 20 years, systematic evaluation and rationalization of this information in particular as a function of the involved elements is often lacking. It is one of the two main goals of this review to summarize the knowledge for some selected respective topics with a certain focus on non-stoichiometric, i.e., non-ideal Laves phases. The second, central goal of the review is to give a systematic overview about the role of Laves phases in all kinds of materials for functional and structural applications. There is a surprisingly broad range of successful utilization of Laves phases in functional applications comprising Laves phases as hydrogen storage material (Hydraloy), as magneto-mechanical sensors and actuators (Terfenol), or for wear- and corrosion-resistant coatings in corrosive atmospheres and at high temperatures (Tribaloy), to name but a few. Regarding structural applications, there is a renewed interest in using Laves phases for creep-strengthening of high-temperature steels and new respective alloy design concepts were developed and successfully tested. Apart from steels, Laves phases also occur in various other kinds of structural materials sometimes effectively improving properties, but often also acting in a detrimental way.

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Laves phases: a review of their functional and structural applications and an improved fundamental understanding of stability and properties

A program for China low activation martensitic steel (CLAM) development has been underway since 2001 to satisfy the material requirements of the test blanket module (TBM) for ITER, China fusion engineering test reactor and China fusion demonstration reactor It has been undertaken by the Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences under wide domestic and international collaborations Extensive work and efforts are being devoted to the R&D of CLAM, such as mechanical property evaluation before and after neutron irradiation, fabrication of scaled TBM by welding and additive manufacturing, improvement of its irradiation resistance as well as high temperature properties by precipitate strengthening to achieve its final successful application in fusion systems The status and improvement of CLAM are introduced in this paper

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1741-4326/aa763f/pdf

Status and improvement of CLAM for nuclear application

A high-entropy V35Ti35Fe15Cr10Zr5 alloy with excellent high-temperature strength

Effects of Ti and Ta addition on microstructure stability and tensile properties of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactors

Gang Xu

Papers

Effect of Thermal Aging on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of China Low-Activation Martensitic Steel at 550 °C

Creep deformation and rupture behavior of CLAM steel at 823 K and 873 K

Effect of thermal aging on grain structural characteristic and Ductile-to-Brittle transition temperature of CLAM steel at 550 °C

Long-term stability of precipitated phases in CLAM steel during thermal aging

Operational performance of EAST cryogenic system and analysis of it's upgrading ☆