Transportation of heavy and extra-heavy crude oil by pipeline: A review

Wax formation in oil pipelines: A critical review

Multivariate weighted complex network analysis for characterizing nonlinear dynamic behavior in two-phase flow

A flow pattern independent drift flux model based void fraction correlation for a wide range of gas–liquid two phase flow

Instantaneous readouts of an electrical resistivity probe are taken in an upward vertical air–water mixture. The signals are further processed to render the statistical moments and the probability density functions here used as objective flow pattern indicators. A series of 73 experimental runs have its flow pattern identified by visual inspection assisted by the analyses of the void fraction’s trace and associated probability density function. The flow patterns are classified into six groups and labeled as: bubbly, spherical cap, slug, unstable slug, semi-annular and annular. This work compares and analyzes the performance of artificial neural networks, ANN, and expert systems to flow pattern identification. The employed ANNs are Multiple Layer Perceptrons, Radial Basis Functions and Probabilistic Neural Network, with single and multiple outputs. The performance is gauged by the percentage of right identifications based on experimental observation. The analysis is extended to clustering algorithms to assist the formation of knowledge base employed during the learning stages of the ANNs and expert systems. The performance of the following clustering algorithms: self organized maps, K-means and Fuzzy C-means are also tested against experimental data.

Performance comparison of artificial neural networks and expert systems applied to flow pattern identification in vertical ascendant gas-liquid flows

The emerging energy efficient technology in the field of high viscous oil transportation is water-lubricated transport of heavy oil, known as core annular flow or CAF. This paper provides a brief review of the past studies on oil-water core annular flows—including studies on hydrodynamics as well as stability of flow.

Review of oil water core annular flow

Flow regime identification of two-phase liquid-liquid upflow through vertical pipe

The present study is aimed at an investigation of the pressure drop characteristics during the simultaneous flow of a kerosene-water mixture through a horizontal pipe of 0.025 m diameter. Measurements of pressure gradient were made for different combinations of phase superficial velocities ranging from 0.03-2 m/s such that the regimes encountered were smooth stratified, wavy stratified, three layer flow, plug flow and oil dispersed in water, and water flow patterns. A model was developed, which considered the energy minimization and pressure equalization of both phases.

Gargi Das

Papers

Review of oil water core annular flow

Flow regime identification of two-phase liquid-liquid upflow through vertical pipe

Pressure Drop in Liquid‐liquid Two Phase Horizontal Flow: Experiment and Prediction

Oil-water flows through sudden contraction and expansion in a horizontal pipe - Phase distribution and pressure drop

CFD simulation of core annular flow through sudden contraction and expansion