Estimates of genetic and environmental variability in soybeans (Glycine max. L.) [Egypt].

Energy and exergy analyses of the solar drying processes of ghost chilli pepper and ginger

Experimental investigation of thin layer drying kinetics of ghost chilli pepper (Capsicum Chinense Jacq.) dried in a forced convection solar tunnel dryer

Phytochemicals in Capsicum oleoresin from different varieties of hot chilli peppers with their antidiabetic and antioxidant activities due to some phenolic compounds.

Bhut jolokia, commonly known as Ghost chili, a native Capsicum species found in North East India was recorded as the naturally occurring hottest chili in the world by the Guinness Book of World Records in 2006. Although few studies have reported variation in pungency content of this particular species, no study till date has reported detailed expression analysis of candidate genes involved in capsaicinoids (pungency) biosynthesis pathway and other fruit metabolites. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the diversity of fruit morphology, fruiting habit, capsaicinoids and other metabolite contents in 136 different genotypes mainly collected from North East India. Significant intra and inter-specific variations for fruit morphological traits, fruiting habits and 65 fruit metabolites were observed in the collected Capsicum germplasm belonging to three Capsicum species i.e., Capsicum chinense (Bhut jolokia, 63 accessions), C. frutescens (17 accessions) and C. annuum (56 accessions). The pungency level, measured in Scoville Heat Unit (SHU) and antioxidant activity measured by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay showed maximum levels in C. chinense accessions followed by C. frutescens accessions, while C. annuum accessions showed the lowest value for both the traits. The number of different fruit metabolites detected did not vary significantly among the different species but the metabolite such as benzoic acid hydroxyl esters identified in large percentage in majority of C. annuum genotypes was totally absent in the C. chinense genotypes and sparingly present in few genotypes of C. frutescens. Significant correlations were observed between fruit metabolites capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, hexadecanoic acid, cyclopentane, α-tocopherol and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, comparative expression analysis (through qRT-PCR) of candidate genes involved in capsaicinoid biosynthesis pathway revealed many fold higher expression of majority of the genes in C. chinense compared to C. frutescens and C. annuum suggesting that the possible reason for extremely high pungency might be due to the higher level of candidate gene(s) expression although nucleotide variation in pungency related genes may also be involved in imparting variations in level of pungency.

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Comparative Analysis of Fruit Metabolites and Pungency Candidate Genes Expression between Bhut Jolokia and Other Capsicum Species.

Assessment of phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential in some indigenous chilli genotypes from North East India

Study on genetic diversity was conducted with 30 chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes of Indian origin at the research farm of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh, India during March-October 2011. Twelve quantitative characters viz. plant height (cm), number of primary branch per plant, days to first flowering, fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), number of fruit per plant, average fruit weight (g), green fruit yield per plant (g), number of seed per fruit, ascorbic acid (mg/100g), capsaicin content (%) and chlorophyll content (mg/g) were taken into consideration. The analysis of variance revealed considerable variability among the genotypes for the character studied. Cluster analysis was used for grouping of 30 chilli genotypes under the study grouped into six clusters. Cluster III had maximum (14) and cluster IV and V had the minimum number (1) of genotypes. The highest (459.81) inter cluster distance was observed between cluster II and IV and the lowest (36.04) between cluster I and IV. Cluster III (D2= 67.66) have exhibited highest intra cluster distance and the lowest was observed in cluster II (D2=11.19). The characters capsaicin content and ascorbic acid contributed maximum towards divergence. Considering diversity pattern and other horticultural performance the genotypes CHFC-7 from cluster VI, genotype CHFC-27 from cluster II and CHFC-15 from cluster III may be taken into consideration as better parents for an efficient hybridization programme of chilli.

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Genetic diversity of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes of India based on morpho-chemical traits.

Thirty genotypes of chilli were evaluated in RBD with three replications at vegetable research farm, CHF, CAU, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh, India during kharif , 2011. Variability, correlation and path analysis were carried out to study the character association and contribution, respectively. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all traits. High PCV and GCV, heritability, genetic advance were observed for days to first flowering, plant height, number of seed per fruit, number of fruit per plant, ascorbic acid and fruit yield per plant. Correlation indicated that fruit yield per plant was positively and significantly correlated with number of branch per plant, number of fruit per plant and chlorophyll content while negative and significant association was established with ascorbic acid content. Maximum positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant was imposed by fruit weight, number of fruit per plant, number of seed per fruit and capsaicin content. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i3.21600 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43 (3): 283-291, 2014 (December)

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Selection parameters for fruit yield and related traits in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

Ten ridge-gourd accessions were evaluated during Kharif, 2011 to estimate the magnitude of genetic variability and the character association among some yield characters The results revealed wide genetic variability among the accessions The genotypic coefficient of variation and heritability estimates were high in days to 50% germination, vine length, fruit length and fruit yield per plant However, genotypic coefficient of variation and heritability estimates were low in number of branches per plant and fruit weight Vine length, fruit length, number of fruits per plant and fruit weight had a significant (P < 001) positive correlation with fruit yield per plant Path analysis revealed that number of fruits per plant and fruit weight had the highest positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant The results indicated that vine length, fruit length, number of fruits per plant and fruit weight can be used as selection criteria to increase fruit yield in ridge gourd

Genetic variability and inter-relationship among some ridgegourd (Luffa acutangula L.) accessions under foot hills of Arunachal Pradesh

North eastern region of India exhibits wide variability in fruit morphology, pungency, bearing habit and crop duration of chilli. In the present study, thirty chilli (Capsicum annuum L) genotypes from different areas of North eastern hill and other part of India were collected and evaluated for genetic diversity using morphological characters and SDS-PAGE analysis. Estimation of protein was done in seeds of thirty genotypes of chilli collected for the study. The analysis showed considerable variation in banding pattern of total protein which ranged from 7-19 numbers of bands. On the basis of presence (+) or absence (-) of bands, similarity index was calculated and genotypes were grouped in three major clusters which were further sub divided in 9 sub-clusters. The genotype CHFC9 was most distantly related to CHFC18. Hence, it was recommended that genotype CHFC9 and CHFC18 could be utilised for crossing programme to create more genetic diversity or segregants of desired characteristics through chilli breeding programmes. Hence, overview of diversity of chilli genotypes from North eastern hill region of India paves the way for conservation and utilization of genotypes and contributes to the development of systematic breeding programme.

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Garima Upadhyay

Papers

Assessment of phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential in some indigenous chilli genotypes from North East India

Genetic diversity of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes of India based on morpho-chemical traits.

Selection parameters for fruit yield and related traits in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

Genetic variability and inter-relationship among some ridgegourd (Luffa acutangula L.) accessions under foot hills of Arunachal Pradesh

Studies on seed protein profiling in chilli ('Capsicum annuum' L) genotypes of Northeast India