자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

How has Japan become a major economic power, a world leader in the automotive and electronics industries? What is the secret of their success? The consensus has been that, though the Japanese are not particularly innovative, they are exceptionally skilful at imitation, at improving products that already exist. But now two leading Japanese business experts, Ikujiro Nonaka and Hiro Takeuchi, turn this conventional wisdom on its head: Japanese firms are successful, they contend, precisely because they are innovative, because they create new knowledge and use it to produce successful products and technologies. Examining case studies drawn from such firms as Honda, Canon, Matsushita, NEC, 3M, GE, and the U.S. Marines, this book reveals how Japanese companies translate tacit to explicit knowledge and use it to produce new processes, products, and services.

The knowledge-creating company : how Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation

Offering a unifying theoretical perspective not readily available in any other text, this innovative guide to econometrics uses simple geometrical arguments to develop students' intuitive understanding of basic and advanced topics, emphasizing throughout the practical applications of modern theory and nonlinear techniques of estimation. One theme of the text is the use of artificial regressions for estimation, reference, and specification testing of nonlinear models, including diagnostic tests for parameter constancy, serial correlation, heteroscedasticity, and other types of mis-specification. Explaining how estimates can be obtained and tests can be carried out, the authors go beyond a mere algebraic description to one that can be easily translated into the commands of a standard econometric software package. Covering an unprecedented range of problems with a consistent emphasis on those that arise in applied work, this accessible and coherent guide to the most vital topics in econometrics today is indispensable for advanced students of econometrics and students of statistics interested in regression and related topics. It will also suit practising econometricians who want to update their skills. Flexibly designed to accommodate a variety of course levels, it offers both complete coverage of the basic material and separate chapters on areas of specialized interest.

Estimation and Inference in Econometrics

The 2008 crash has left all the established economic doctrines - equilibrium models, real business cycles, disequilibria models - in disarray. Part of the problem is due to Smith’s "veil of ignorance": individuals unknowingly pursue society’s interest and, as a result, have no clue as to the macroeconomic effects of their actions: witness the Keynes and Leontief multipliers, the concept of value added, fiat money, Engel’s law and technical progress, to name but a few of the macrofoundations of microeconomics. A good viewpoint to take bearings anew lies in comparing the post-Great Depression institutions with those emerging from Thatcher and Reagan’s economic policies: deregulation, exogenous vs. endoge- nous money, shadow banking vs. Volcker’s Rule. Very simply, the banks, whose lending determined deposits after Roosevelt, and were a public service became private enterprises whose deposits determine lending. These underlay the great moderation preceding 2006, and the subsequent crash.

The Economic Institutions of Capitalism

https://isiarticles.com/bundles/Article/pre/pdf/9619.pdf

Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance : A Configurational Approach

Antecedents to differentiation strategy in the exporting SME

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Erratum: Innovation, organizational capabilities, and the born-global firm

With a view to increasing integration and interdisciplinary ties between international business and entrepreneurship, this chapter looks back and forward on research in the field of International Entrepreneurship. A specific focus is placed on examining one of the mainstream topics in this field which refers to the so-called born-global firm phenomenon. We conduct an integrative overview of the past and current literature. Based on our comprehensive literature review, we then critically assess the current state of this topic and provide new directions for improving future research. To be submitted as a book chapter for The Routledge Companion to International Entrepreneurship (Edited by Stephanie Fernhaber and Shameen Prashantham)

International entrepreneurship: a review and future directions

Emerging market countries are characterized by weaknesses in institutions, infrastructure, and other public resources to support business. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) typically endure limited private resources. Despite such deficiencies, emerging-market SMEs are participating increasingly in international business. The authors examine orientations and strategies that engender superior international performance among SMEs from emerging markets. They develop and test a model using a large dataset of Chinese SMEs to examine the antecedent roles of market culture, international orientation, and international marketing strategy. Findings point to these constructs as significant drivers of international performance. Implications for scholarship and practice are offered.

International Performance Antecedents in Emerging Market SMEs: Evidence from China

As developing economies have weak institutional environments, and these are highly distant from SMEs’ home conditions in developed economies, those firms entering into developing economies should acquire new knowledge resources for a successful entry. In this paper, we analyze the type of knowledge required by SMEs to enter a foreign market, the alternative sources for acquiring that knowledge, and the specific challenges associated with the case of SMEs from developed economies in their first entry in developing economies. In our empirical work, we examined the specific case of Spanish SMEs entering Senegal as a first incursion in developing economies. This work shows evidence of usefulness to contribute to literature. Specifically, we found that the key knowledge is that which is specific to the target market, rather than the general knowledge about internationalization. In addition, we provide a matrix that summarizes the most appropriate sources to acquire each type of knowledge in the light of the main challenges identified: myopic managerial thinking, inflexible managers, absence of a culture of cooperation, and relevant knowledge embedded in local networks of the host market.

Gary Knight

Papers

Antecedents to differentiation strategy in the exporting SME

Erratum: Innovation, organizational capabilities, and the born-global firm

International entrepreneurship: a review and future directions

International Performance Antecedents in Emerging Market SMEs: Evidence from China

Knowledge acquisition for SMEs first entering developing economies: Evidence from Senegal