Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000–2010

The PANTHER (protein annotation through evolutionary relationship) classification system (http://wwwpantherdborg/) is a comprehensive system that combines gene function, ontology, pathways and statistical analysis tools that enable biologists to analyze large-scale, genome-wide data from sequencing, proteomics or gene expression experiments The system is built with 82 complete genomes organized into gene families and subfamilies, and their evolutionary relationships are captured in phylogenetic trees, multiple sequence alignments and statistical models (hidden Markov models or HMMs) Genes are classified according to their function in several different ways: families and subfamilies are annotated with ontology terms (Gene Ontology (GO) and PANTHER protein class), and sequences are assigned to PANTHER pathways The PANTHER website includes a suite of tools that enable users to browse and query gene functions, and to analyze large-scale experimental data with a number of statistical tests It is widely used by bench scientists, bioinformaticians, computer scientists and systems biologists In the 2013 release of PANTHER (v80), in addition to an update of the data content, we redesigned the website interface to improve both user experience and the system's analytical capability This protocol provides a detailed description of how to analyze genome-wide experimental data with the PANTHER classification system

Large-scale gene function analysis with the PANTHER classification system

Production of liquid biofuels from renewable resources

The data and tools in PANTHER—a comprehensive, curated database of protein families, trees, subfamilies and functions available at http://pantherdb.org—have undergone continual, extensive improvement for over a decade. Here, we describe the current PANTHER process as a whole, as well as the website tools for analysis of user-uploaded data. The main goals of PANTHER remain essentially unchanged: the accurate inference (and practical application) of gene and protein function over large sequence databases, using phylogenetic trees to extrapolate from the relatively sparse experimental information from a few model organisms. Yet the focus of PANTHER has continually shifted toward more accurate and detailed representations of evolutionary events in gene family histories. The trees are now designed to represent gene family evolution, including inference of evolutionary events, such as speciation and gene duplication. Subfamilies are still curated and used to define HMMs, but gene ontology functional annotations can now be made at any node in the tree, and are designed to represent gain and loss of function by ancestral genes during evolution. Finally, PANTHER now includes stable database identifiers for inferred ancestral genes, which are used to associate inferred gene attributes with particular genes in the common ancestral genomes of extant species.

PANTHER in 2013: modeling the evolution of gene function, and other gene attributes, in the context of phylogenetic trees

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of crystalline porous organic polymers with permanent porosity and highly ordered structures. Unlike other polymers, a significant feature of COFs is that they are structurally predesignable, synthetically controllable, and functionally manageable. In principle, the topological design diagram offers geometric guidance for the structural tiling of extended porous polygons, and the polycondensation reactions provide synthetic ways to construct the predesigned primary and high-order structures. Progress over the past decade in the chemistry of these two aspects undoubtedly established the base of the COF field. By virtue of the availability of organic units and the diversity of topologies and linkages, COFs have emerged as a new field of organic materials that offer a powerful molecular platform for complex structural design and tailor-made functional development. Here we target a comprehensive review of the COF field, provide a historic overview of the chemistry of the COF field, survey the advances in the topology design and synthetic reactions, illustrate the structural features and diversities, scrutinize the development and potential of various functions through elucidating structure-function correlations based on interactions with photons, electrons, holes, spins, ions, and molecules, discuss the key fundamental and challenging issues that need to be addressed, and predict the future directions from chemistry, physics, and materials perspectives.

Covalent Organic Frameworks: Design, Synthesis, and Functions.

New Paradigms in Porous Framework Materials for Acetylene Storage and Separation

Coordination-driven self-assembly is an effective synthetic tool for the construction of spatially and electronically tunable supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs), which are useful in various applications. Herein, we report the synthesis of a two-dimensional discrete metalla-rectangle [(η6-p-cymene)4Ru4(C6H2O4)2(2)2](CF3SO3)4 (3) by the reaction of a dinuclear half-sandwich ruthenium (II) complex [Ru2(η6-p-cymene)2(C6H2O4)Cl2] (1) and bis-pyridyl amide linker (2) in the presence of AgO3SCF3. This cationic ruthenium metalla-rectangle (3) has been isolated as its triflate salt and characterized by analytical techniques including elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C-NMR), 1H-1H correlation spectroscopy (COSY), 1H-1H nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY), diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY), and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS). Significantly, the 2D cationic ruthenium metalla-rectangle showed better anticancer activity towards three different cell lines (A549, Caki-1 and Lovo) as compared with the parent ruthenium complex (1) and the commercially used drug, cisplatin.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/12/2284/pdf

Investigation of the Anticancer Activity of Coordination-Driven Self-AssembledTwo-Dimensional Ruthenium Metalla-Rectangle

Copper(II) Complexes with Tridentate Bis(pyrazolylmethyl)pyridine Ligands: Synthesis, X-ray Crystal Structures and ϵ-Caprolactone Polymerization

Carbon dots (CDs) are 0-D nanomaterials with unique structural and optical properties. Compared to fluorescent organic agents or semiconductor quantum dots, CDs offer several advantages such as higher photostability, lower toxicity, better biocompatibility, easier synthesis, and surface modifications. This endows CDs with immense potential to serve many applications like photocatalysis, biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, memory devices, etc. Fruit waste is a perfect choice to synthesize CDs as it is compositionally rich, easily available, renewable, and sustainable. It also caters well to the ongoing research interests of the scientific community to use environmental waste for advanced technologies. Modern solutions for fruit waste handling are urgently needed as the conventional methods are just not sufficient to realize the full potential of treasured fruit parts, which are otherwise termed as ‘waste’. In this scenario, the present review article is dedicated to understanding the conversion of fruit waste into CDs for bioimaging applications. It discusses feasibilities and superiorities of adopting fruit waste as carbon source, merits and demerits of synthesis, bioimaging techniques, morphology, and optical properties of CDs. Some other major factors, which affect the fluorescence emission of CDs, such as dopants, chemical composition, hydrophilicity, surface-passivation, defects, etc., are analyzed too. The article concludes with a discussion of challenges and future perspectives of fruit waste-derived CDs for wider implications. 

Gaurav Verma

Papers

New Paradigms in Porous Framework Materials for Acetylene Storage and Separation

Investigation of the Anticancer Activity of Coordination-Driven Self-AssembledTwo-Dimensional Ruthenium Metalla-Rectangle

Copper(II) Complexes with Tridentate Bis(pyrazolylmethyl)pyridine Ligands: Synthesis, X-ray Crystal Structures and ϵ-Caprolactone Polymerization

Converting Fruit Waste into Carbon dots for Bioimaging Applications

C/EBPα mediates the transcriptional suppression of human calreticulin gene expression by TNFα