Structure and physicochemical properties of octenyl succinic anhydride modified starches: a review.

Oil-in-water nanoemulsions stabilized by food-grade biopolymer emulsifiers (modified starches) were fabricated using high-pressure homogenization in an effort to improve the stability and bioaccessibility of β-carotene. Physicochemical and biological properties of β-carotene nanoemulsions were investigated considering the particle size, β-carotene retention, and in vitro digestion. During 30 days of storage at different conditions, the mean diameters of the emulsion systems were increased by 30–85%. The retention of β-carotene in nanoemulsions was significantly higher compared to that of the β-carotene dispersed in bulk oil. After in vitro digestion, the bioaccessibility of β-carotene was increased from 3.1% to 35.6% through nanoencapsulation. The results also indicated that modified starch with high dispersed molecular density led to a higher retention but lower bioaccessibility of β-carotene in nanoemulsions. This could be due to the thick and dense interfacial layer around the oil droplets. This result...

Stability and bioaccessibility of β-carotene in nanoemulsions stabilized by modified starches.

Commercial yellow pea seed flours prepared by a patented wet-milling process and pea protein isolate (PPI) were analyzed for emulsifying and foaming properties at pH 30, 50, and 70 and compared to soybean protein isolate (SPI) PPI and SPI formed emulsions with significantly smaller (p < 005) oil droplet sizes, 16-30 and 23-54 microm, respectively, than flours that primarily contained fiber such as Centara III and IV, or those that consisted mainly of starch: Centu-tex, Uptake 80 and Accu-gel PPI was a better emulsifier than SPI at pH 70, and a better foaming agent at pH 30 and pH 70, although foaming capacity varied with sample concentration Centu-tex and Uptake 80 have exactly the same chemical composition, but the latter has a much smaller flour particle size range, and had significantly smaller (p < 005) emulsion oil droplets Incorporation of pea starch into SPI emulsions produced a synergistic effect that led to significant increases (p < 005) in emulsification capacity (reduced emulsion oil droplet size) when compared to SPI or starch alone These results showed that PPI had generally significantly higher (p < 005) emulsion and foam forming properties than SPI, and that pea starch could be used to improve the quality of SPI-stabilized food emulsions

Emulsifying and foaming properties of commercial yellow pea (Pisum sativum L.) seed flours.

Synthesis and characterization of octenyl succinic anhydride modified starches for food applications. A review of recent literature

Hydrocolloids acting as emulsifying agents – How do they do it?

The objective of this work is to investigate the effects of reaction conditions on the synthesis of octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA)-modified starch from waxy corn starch and to study the characteristics of the OSA-modified starch as well as its applications. A mathematical model was developed to investigate the influences of various processing condition factors on the production of the OSA-modified waxy corn starch production and predict the optimum reaction conditions. The maximal degree of substitution (DS) of OSA-modified waxy corn starch (0.0204) was predicted to occur when the starch concentration was 31.2%, the pH was 8.6, the reaction temperature was 33.6 °C, and the reaction time was 18.7 h. Repeated reactions for producing OSA-modified waxy corn starch were carried out in a 5 m3 reactor under the optimized conditions for verification of the model. The characteristics of modified waxy corn starch including infrared spectrum, scanning electron microscopy, and pasting property were tested and emuls...

Production of octenyl succinic anhydride-modified waxy corn starch and its characterization.

Alternaria sp. ND-16, a bacterium isolated from soil sample, was identified as a strain of Alternaria mali based on the morphology and comparison of internal transcribed spacer rDNA gene sequence studies. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that this strain has xylanase activity, and the activity can be optimized under suitable growing conditions where wheat bran and urea are the primary sources of carbon and nitrogen. Partially purified xylanase from Alternaria sp. ND-16 is shown to have an optimal pH of 6.0 and optimal temperature of 50 °C, making this enzyme potentially suitable for industrial applications. It is also demonstrated that Na+ and Mn2+ show strong inhibition of the xylanase while K+, Li+, Fe2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ have no significant effect on the activity.

Isolation and Identification of a Newly Isolated Alternaria sp. ND-16 and Characterization of Xylanase

Conventional stabilization/solidification materials have defects in the simultaneous treatment of heavy metals (HMs) and phenanthrene (PHe). In order to solve this problem, a new functional material β-cyclodextrin modified biochar (β-CD-BC) was prepared by integrating the properties of biochar (BC) and the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the β-CD surface and combined with Portland cement (PC) to cure and stabilize HMs and PHe. The effect of key parameters on the treatment effect was discussed by response surface method. The results showed that the minimum leaching concentration if HMs was 16.81 mg·L−1, and the leaching concentration of PHe can be as low as 0.059 μg/kg under the conditions of β-CD-BC and Portland cement ratio of 9.75% and 11.4%, curing for 22.85 d. The weak acid soluble state reduced from 9~13% to 0.5~6%, the residual state was increased from 37~61% to 77~87%. The unconfined compressive strength of sample is more than 50 kPa. The results of this study can provide a new technical scheme for long-term curing and stabilization of HMs and PHe.

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Geng Li

Papers

Production of octenyl succinic anhydride-modified waxy corn starch and its characterization.

Isolation and Identification of a Newly Isolated Alternaria sp. ND-16 and Characterization of Xylanase

Stabilization/Solidification of Heavy Metals and PHe Contaminated Soil with β-Cyclodextrin Modified Biochar (β-CD-BC) and Portland Cement