Sea wave energy is being increasingly regarded in many countries as a major and promising resource. The paper deals with the development of wave energy utilization since the 1970s. Several topics are addressed: the characterization of the wave energy resource; theoretical background, with especial relevance to hydrodynamics of wave energy absorption and control; how a large range of devices kept being proposed and studied, and how such devices can be organized into classes; the conception, design, model-testing, construction and deployment into real sea of prototypes; and the development of specific equipment (air and water turbines, high-pressure hydraulics, linear electrical generators) and mooring systems.

Wave energy utilization: A review of the technologies

The size specifications for suitable tracer particles for particle image velocimetry (PIV), particularly with respect to their flow tracking capability, are discussed and quantified for several examples. A review of a wide variety of tracer materials used in recent PIV experiments in liquids and gases indicates that appropriately sized particles have normally been used. With emphasis on gas flows, methods of generating seeding particles and for introducing the particles into the flow are described and their advantages are discussed.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-0233/8/12/005/pdf

Tracer particles and seeding for particle image velocimetry

Dynamic 3-D shape measurement method: A review

http://eia.udg.es/~qsalvi/papers/1998-PR.pdf

Recent progress in coded structured light as a technique to solve the correspondence problem: a survey

The recent statements of both the European Union and the US Presidency pushed in the direction of using renewable forms of energy, in order to act against climate changes induced by the growing concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. In this paper, a survey regarding methods and tools presently available to determine potential and exploitable energy in the most important renewable sectors (i.e., solar, wind, wave, biomass and geothermal energy) is presented. Moreover, challenges for each renewable resource are highlighted as well as the available tools that can help in evaluating the use of a mix of different sources.

/pdf/methods-and-tools-to-evaluate-the-availability-of-renewable-1zptx7dh9x.pdf

Methods and tools to evaluate the availability of renewable energy sources

Measurements of static and dynamic mooring line damping and their importance for floating WEC devices

https://ndmercha.expressions.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Merchant_etal_shipping_noise_AIS_2012_MPB.pdf

Assessing sound exposure from shipping in coastal waters using a single hydrophone and Automatic Identification System (AIS) data.

To be effective, wave energy converter devices (WECs) must be installed in unsheltered locations with high wave energy density. Such regimes are more likely to be at offshore locations and much current interest is focused on offshore floating devices. Since the wave energy industry has little practical long-term experience with deployed WEC systems there is no historical experience upon which to base the formulation of appropriate station-keeping arrangements. The development of generic station-keeping arrangements that will allow reliable, yet cost-effective, mooring systems presents a challenging task. This paper raises issues pertinent to the station-keeping of floating WECs and discusses a preliminary design procedure to identify suitable mooring arrangements.

Mooring design approach for wave energy converters

Wave resource assessment along the Cornish coast (UK) from a 23-year hindcast dataset validated against buoy measurements

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George H. Smith

Papers

Measurements of static and dynamic mooring line damping and their importance for floating WEC devices

Assessing sound exposure from shipping in coastal waters using a single hydrophone and Automatic Identification System (AIS) data.

Mooring design approach for wave energy converters

Wave resource assessment along the Cornish coast (UK) from a 23-year hindcast dataset validated against buoy measurements

Protocols for the Equitable Assessment of Marine Energy Converters