I Theoretical and Methodological Issues.- 1 Conceptual and Theoretical Dilemmas Facing Social Support.- 2 Social Support: Theoretical Advances, Recent Findings and Pressing Issues.- 3 Social Support - Insights from Assessment and Experimentation.- 4 Social Support and Psychological Well-Being: Theoretical Possibilities.- 5 Measuring the Functional Components of Social Support.- 6 Social Support and Social Health.- II Human Development, Personality and Social Networks.- 7 Social Networks and the Ecology of Human Development: Theory, Research and Application.- 8 Longitudinal Course of Social Support Among Men in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.- 9 Intimacy, Social Support, and Locus of Control as Moderators of Stress.- 10 Coping Styles, Social Support and Sex-Differences.- 11 A Conceptualization of Professional Women's Interpersonal Fields: Social Support, Reference Groups, and Persons-to-be-Reckoned-With.- 12 From Social Support to Social Network.- III Loneliness and Perceived Support.- 13 The Psychology of Loneliness: Some Personality Issues in the Study of Social Support.- 14 The Functions of Social Bonds: Perspectives from Research on Social Support, Loneliness and Social Isolation.- 15 Loneliness Research: Basic Concepts and Findings.- 16 Perceived Support and Social Interaction Among Friends and Confidants.- IV Stress, Coping and Maladaption.- 17 Life Stress and Human Disorder: Conceptualization and Measurement of the Disordered Group.- 18 Life Events, Social Support and Clinical Psychiatric Disorder.- 19 Social Support, Life Events and Depression.- 20 Social Support and Children of Divorce.- 21 Limitations of Social Support in the Stress Process.- V Helping and the Costs of Caring.- 22 Theory into Practice: Issues That Surface in Planning Interventions Which Mobilize Support.- 23 Social Support and the Alleviation of Loss.- 24 Reactions to Victims of Life Crisis: Support Attempts That Fail.- 25 The Costs of Caring: A Perspective on the Relationship Between Sex and Psychological Distress.- Author Index.

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Social support : theory, research and applications

PERSONALITY COMPRISES PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND BEHAVIORAL STRATEGIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 The Fundamental Situational Error . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . 461 Problem-Specificity of Psychological Mechanisms 461 The Sociobiological Fallacy .... . . . .... . . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . ..... . .. . . . ... . . . . . . . . 463 Behavioral Strategies, Tactics, and Acts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . .. . 463 EVOLUTIONARY FOUNDATIONS OF PERSONALITy . . . . ... .... . 464 Adaptive Problems and Their Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464 Human Nature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466 Goal-Directed Tactics and Strategies as Units of Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 468 Personality as the Adaptive Landscape: The Five-Factor Model 471 Explaining the Origins of Individual Diff erences . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 Interim Summary. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 476 CLARIFYING CORE CONTROVERSIES IN PERSONALITY PSy CHOLOGy .. . .... 477 An Evolutionary Resolution of the Personality Consistency Debate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 An Evolutionary Perspective on Interactionism . . . .. . . . . . ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . ... . . ...... 479 Context, Situation, and Environment 481 Emotions, Desires, Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482 Culture and Personality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 483 CONCLUSION........ . . .... . 484

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Evolutionary personality psychology

The present study estimated the unique contribution of self-efficacy to work-related performance controlling for personality (the Big 5 traits), intelligence or general mental ability, and job or task experience. Results, based on a meta-analysis of the relevant literatures, revealed that overall, across all studies and moderator conditions, the contribution of self-efficacy relative to purportedly more distal variables is relatively small. Within moderator categories, there were several cases in which self-efficacy made unique contributions to work-related performance. For example, self-efficacy predicted performance in jobs or tasks of low complexity but not those of medium or high complexity, and self-efficacy predicted performance for task but not job performance. Overall, results suggest that the predictive validity of self-efficacy is attenuated in the presence of individual differences, though this attenuation does depend on the context.

http://panglossinc.com/Judge,%20Jackson,%20et%20al.pdf

Self-efficacy and work-related performance: the integral role of individual differences.

Intimacy, loneliness and sexual offenders

In the past few decades, a number of theories have been developed to further our understanding of the various aspects of sex offending. Recent work has been focused on the relationship between early interpersonal experiences and the presence of intimacy deficits in sex offenders. Marshall (1989, 1993, in press) developed an etiological model stressing the importance of insecure attachment and intimacy deficits in both the onset and maintenance of sex offending. In this article we used a reformulation of this model, using Bartholomew's attachment theory, to carry out a preliminary investigation of the nature of attachment relationships in sex offenders. The participants in this study included child molesters (55), rapists (30), violent non‐sex offenders (32), and non‐violent, non‐sex offenders (30). Their general romantic attachment style was assessed using Bartholomew's self‐report scales. Results indicated that the majority of sex offenders were insecurely attached. However, this was true for all four gr...

Attachment style in sex offenders: A preliminary study

Loneliness in College Students: Some Theoretical, Empirical, and Therapeutic Considerations.

A scale of belief in extraordinary phenomena and one of three personality inventories, the MMPI, TDOT, and MPI were administered to each of 297 college students Scores on the scale of beliefs in the extraordinary phenomena correlated with several of the personality traits, indicating the tendency of believers in such phenomena as reincarnation, witchcraft, ESP, and astrology to have higher scores on personality scales that would characterize a person as impulsive rather than controlled, reflective rather than practical, neurotic rather than well adjusted, and showing responses characteristic of a schizoid group

/pdf/some-personality-traits-of-believers-in-extraordinary-3vo5y250oy.pdf

Some personality traits of believers in extraordinary phenomena

The Relation of Creativity and Intelligence Constellations to Traits of Temperament, Interest, and Value in College Students

In 1950, Stalin and the Soviet Government prevailed upon the USSR Academy of Sciences and the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences to organize the 1950 Joint Scientific Session for the purpose of formalizing the teachings of I. P. Pavlov. During the Session, some of Pavlov's erstwhile students—the Pavlovians—split into accusers and accused. The more prominent of the latter were denounced for deviating from the orthodox Pavlovian path, and urged to admit their mistakes, to work within the framework of Pavlov's theory of higher nervous activity, and to avoid Western influence. Within this context, the travail of the prominent Pavlovian physiologist L. A. Orbeli is discussed. Contemporary Russian historians and scientists, evaluating the consequences of the 1950 Joint Scientific Session, point out its negative effects; namely, the general moral decline of Soviet physiologists pressured to accept a dogmatic ideology, the lowering of the quality of research in physiology, and the self-imposed exclusion of Soviet physiology from the worldwide scientific community. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

The 1950 Joint Scientific Session: Pavlovians as the accusers and the accused

American psychologists are informed on Pavlov's work on conditional reflexes but not on the full development of his theory of higher nervous activity This article shows that Pavlov's theory of higher nervous activity dealt with concepts that concerned contemporary psychologists Pavlov used the conditioning of the salivary reflex for methodological purposes Pavlov's theory of higher nervous activity encompassed overt behavior, neural processes, and the conscious experience The strong Darwinian element of Pavlov's theory, with its stress on the higher organisms' adaptation, is described With regard to learning, Pavlov, at the end of his scholarly career, proposed that although all learning involves the formation of associations, the organism's adaptation to the environment is established through conditioning, but the accumulation of knowledge is established by trial and error

George Windholz

Papers

Loneliness in College Students: Some Theoretical, Empirical, and Therapeutic Considerations.

Some personality traits of believers in extraordinary phenomena

The Relation of Creativity and Intelligence Constellations to Traits of Temperament, Interest, and Value in College Students

The 1950 Joint Scientific Session: Pavlovians as the accusers and the accused

Pavlov as a psychologist. A reappraisal.