MUCKE aims to mine a large volume of images, to structure them conceptually and to use this conceptual structuring in order to improve large-scale image retrieval. The last decade witnessed important progress concerning low-level image representations. However, there are a number problems which need to be solved in order to unleash the full potential of image mining in applications. The central problem with low-level representations is the mismatch between them and the human interpretation of image content. This problem can be instantiated, for instance, by the incapability of existing descriptors to capture spatial relationships between the concepts represented or by their incapability to convey an explanation of why two images are similar in a content-based image retrieval framework. We start by assessing existing local descriptors for image classification and by proposing to use co-occurrence matrices to better capture spatial relationships in images. The main focus in MUCKE is on cleaning large scale Web image corpora and on proposing image representations which are closer to the human interpretation of images. Consequently, we introduce methods which tackle these two problems and compare results to state of the art methods. Note: some aspects of this deliverable are withheld at this time as they are pending review. Please contact the authors for a preview.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel2/4524/12820/00592460.pdf

Image Processing

Dingcai Wu,*,† Fei Xu,† Bin Sun,† Ruowen Fu,† Hongkun He,‡ and Krzysztof Matyjaszewski*,‡ †Materials Science Institute, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China ‡Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States

Design and Preparation of Porous Polymers

Wave propagation and group velocity

We report a new type of phononic crystals with topologically nontrivial band gaps for both longitudinal and transverse polarizations, resulting in protected one-way elastic edge waves. In our design, gyroscopic inertial effects are used to break the time-reversal symmetry and realize the phononic analogue of the electronic quantum (anomalous) Hall effect. We investigate the response of both hexagonal and square gyroscopic lattices and observe bulk Chern numbers of 1 and 2, indicating that these structures support single and multimode edge elastic waves immune to backscattering. These robust one-way phononic waveguides could potentially lead to the design of a novel class of surface wave devices that are widely used in electronics, telecommunication, and acoustic imaging.

https://link.aps.org/accepted/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.104302

Topological Phononic Crystals with One-Way Elastic Edge Waves.

PEG-grafted chitosan as an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel for sustained protein release.

Preface DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING OF BIOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS Introduction Bioproducts and their Contaminants Bioprocesses Role of Chromatography in Downstream Processing References INTRODUCTION TO PROTEIN CHROMATOGRAPHY Introduction Basic Principles and Definitions Modes of Operation Performance Factors Separation Performance Metrics CHROMATOGRAPHY MEDIA Introduction Interaction Types and Chemistry Buffers and Mobile Phases Physical Structure and Properties LABORATORY AND PROCESS COLUMNS AND EQUIPMENT Introduction Laboratory-scale Systems Process Columns and Equipment ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIA Introduction Single Component Systems Multi-component Systems References ADSORPTION KINETICS Introduction Rate Mechanisms Batch Adsorption Kinetics DYNAMICS OF CHROMATOGRAPHY COLUMNS Introduction Conservation Equations Local Equilibrium Dynamics Multi-component Systems Displacement Development EFFECTS OF DISPERSION AND ADSORPTION KINETICS ON COLUMN PERFORMANCE Introduction Empirical Characterization of Column Efficiency Modeling and Prediction of Column Efficiency GRADIENT ELUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY Introduction General Theory for Gradient Elution with Linear Isotherms LGE Relationships for Ion Exchange Chromatography LGE Relationships for RPC and HIC Separations with pH Gradients Modeling Gradient Elution with Non-linear Isotherms References DESIGN OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROCESSES Introduction Chromatographic Process Steps and Constraints Design for Capture Design for Chromatographic Resolution SMB Design References INDEX

Protein Chromatography: Process Development and Scale‐Up

The protein uptake equilibrium and kinetics and the breakthrough behavior of recently developed commercial chromatography media are evaluated using lysozyme as a model solute. One of the adsorbents, known by the trade name POROS 50, is a macroporous matrix based on a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer. The other adsorbent, known by the trade name HyperD, is a composite obtained by filling the pores of high-porosity polystyrene-coated silica particles with a polyacrylamide-based hydrogel. Both materials are designed for preparative and process ion-exchange chromatography of proteins at high speed and have a strong cation exchange functionality. The equilibrium and transport properties of lysozyme in each adsorbent are studied in batch experiments. The maximum equilibrium uptake capacity in a 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer at pH 6.5 is 160 ± 5 mg/cm 3 of particle volume for the macroporous adsorbent and 260 ± 10 mg/cm 3 for the gel-composite material. With the macroporous adsorbent mass transfer appears to be dominated by macropore diffusion with an effective pore diffusivity of 1.1 x 10 -7 cm 2 /s, except during the initial saturation of the outermost layer of the particle, when external film mass transfer is controlling. An idealized two-step model of this process is found to be consistent with the experimental data. With the gel-composite adsorbent, however, mass transfer appears to be dominated by homogeneous gel diffusion with an effective pseudo-homogeneous diffusivity of 7.5 x 10 -9 cm 2 /s at high protein concentrations and by the external film resistance at low protein concentrations. For both adsorbents, breakthrough profiles obtained experimentally at elevated flow rates in packed columns are in good agreement with predictions based on the batch measurements and external film coefficients predicted from literature correlations. In spite of the fact that it possesses a larger particle size, the gel-composite adsorbent appears to be superior to the macroporous medium, exhibiting a dynamic capacity at 10% breakthrough more than a factor of 2 larger at mobile phase velocities in the range 0-5000 cm/h.

Protein Adsorption on Cation Exchangers: Comparison of Macroporous and Gel-Composite Media

Esterification of fatty acids using nylon-immobilized lipase in n-hexane: kinetic parameters and chain-length effects.

The paper gives a summary of successful methods for measuring protein mass transfer kinetics in ion exchange matrices along with models needed to interpret experimental results. Both macroscopic methods (isocratic elution, gradient elution, batch adsorption, frontal analysis) and microscopic methods are considered. In all cases the main focus is the determination of the effective intraparticle diffusivity in order to permit a comparison of different stationary phases and provide a basis for predicting chromatographic process performance. Experimental results for representative systems are evaluated alongside the experimental and modeling aspects. Practical criteria for the selection of experimental conditions and the application of different models are discussed along with the advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches.

Giorgio Carta

Papers

Protein Chromatography: Process Development and Scale‐Up

Protein Adsorption on Cation Exchangers: Comparison of Macroporous and Gel-Composite Media

Esterification of fatty acids using nylon-immobilized lipase in n-hexane: kinetic parameters and chain-length effects.

Protein Mass Transfer Kinetics in Ion Exchange Media: Measurements and Interpretations

Protein adsorption and transport in agarose and dextran-grafted agarose media for ion exchange chromatography