Recycling carbon fibre reinforced polymers for structural applications: technology review and market outlook.

Processing methods, characteristics and adsorption behavior of tire derived carbons: a review.

The proper use of alternative fuels and materials in the cement industry is essential for the planning and promotion of different methods that can decrease the environmental impacts, lower the consumption of energy and material resources, and reduce the economic costs of this industry. Because of the great potential for the cement industry to save energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), many new research advances associated with the promising approach of introducing waste materials as alternative fuels or sustainable raw materials into the cement manufacturing process have been developed in recent years. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to provide a literature review of these approaches based on previously published research studies. The analysis is specially focused on the technical, economic, and environmental effects of the uses of five solid wastes, namely, municipal solid waste (MSW), meat and bone animal meal (MBM), sewage sludge (SS), biomass, and end-of-life tyres (ELT), in the cement industry.

Uses of alternative fuels and raw materials in the cement industry as sustainable waste management options

Hydrogen-rich gas from catalytic steam gasification of municipal solid waste (MSW): Influence of catalyst and temperature on yield and product composition

Syngas production from catalytic gasification of waste polyethylene: Influence of temperature on gas yield and composition

Steam gasification of tyre waste, poplar, and refuse-derived fuel: a comparative analysis.

This work is aimed to study the mechanical properties of basalt fibers, and their adhesion to polypropylene (PP) matrices. Single filament tensile tests were used to calculate the strength of different types of fibers, characterized by different providers and surface treatment. Single fiber fragmentation tests (SFFT) were used to calculate the critical length of the fibers, in a homopolymer PP matrix and in a maleic anhydride modified PP matrix. It was shown that the tensile strength of the fibers is not significantly influenced by the origin or the surface treatment. Only fibers without any sizing show very reduced mechanical properties. On the other hand, the tensile strength was shown to be severely dependent on the filament length. Weibull theory was used in order to calculate the fitting parameters σ0 and β, which were necessary in order to extrapolate the tensile strength to the critical length determined by SFFT. This allowed calculating the adhesion properties of the basalt fibers. It was shown that fiber–matrix adhesion is dependent on both the presence of sizing on the fiber surface, as well as on the modification of the matrix.

Mechanical properties of basalt fibers and their adhesion to polypropylene matrices

The opportunity of using refuse-derived fuel (RDF) to produce fuel gas seems to be promising, and particular attention has been focused on alternative process technologies such as pyrolysis and gasification. Within this frame, present work relates to experimental tests and obtained results of a series of experimental surveys on RDF gasification with steam, performed by means of a bench-scale rotary kiln plant at different process temperatures, using thermogravimetry (TG) and infrared spectrometry (Fourier transform infrared, FTIR) to characterize the incoming material and online gas chromatography to qualify the gaseous stream. Experimental data show that the gas yield increases with temperature and, with respect to the gas composition, the hydrogen content increases, mainly at the expense of the other gaseous compounds, which highlights the major extension of secondary cracking reactions into the gaseous fraction at higher temperature. Syngas obtained at processing temperatures of 950 °C or higher seems ...

Steam gasification of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) : Influence of process temperature on yield and product composition

The synthesis of beta silicon carbide (β-SiC) powders by carbothermal reduction of silica with carbon in a high temperature tube furnace was investigated. As carbon source, fine carbon-containing char from biomass gasification was used, in order to verify the feasibility of producing a high added value material starting from waste residue, and to promote the gasification processes as alternative route of energy production by the proper by-products exploitation. Starting mixture was prepared by mechanically mixing silica and char in the weight ratio of SiO2:C of 1.514; the mixture then reacted in a tube furnace at temperature of 1,550 °C at different residence times (1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 h), at a constant flow rate of 0.8 dm3 min−1 of argon. The reaction products were characterised with XRD, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The process turned out to be capable of producing high quality SiC powders, suitable for making ceramic materials and composites; the product shows an uniform spherical shape, a very fine particle size (within the range of 30–100 nm) and a purity degree varying from 70% to 95%, depending on the residence time.

Synthesis of beta silicon carbide powders from biomass gasification residue

Refuse derived fuels (RDF) characterization and pyrolysis behaviour, carried out by means of thermogravimetric analysis, infrared and mass spectroscopy, are presented. Thermal degradation of RDF takes place through three main mass loss stages; the analyses of evolved gas allow us to discriminate the contributions of the different fractions (paper, LDPE, wood, rubber, etc.) to the global decomposition. Furthermore thermogravimetry (TG) was used for the determination of kinetic parameters, using the differential method. In order to set up the conditions of production of a good quality pyrolysis gas, the operating conditions of RDF in a pyrolysis reactor have been simulated. Data show that the volatile fraction grows with the temperature, together with the relative conversion, and that light volatile fraction (hydrogen, ethyne, etc.) gets richer, at the expense of superior homologous hydrocarbons.

Giovanni Casciaro

Papers

Steam gasification of tyre waste, poplar, and refuse-derived fuel: a comparative analysis.

Mechanical properties of basalt fibers and their adhesion to polypropylene matrices

Steam gasification of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) : Influence of process temperature on yield and product composition

Synthesis of beta silicon carbide powders from biomass gasification residue

REFUSE DERIVED FUELS PYROLYSIS Influence of process temperature on yield and products composition