There is a special reason for reviewing this book at this time: it is the 50th edition of a compendium that is known and used frequently in most chemical and physical laboratories in many parts of the world. Surely, a publication that has been published for 56 years, withstanding the vagaries of science in this century, must have had something to offer. There is another reason: while the book is a standard fixture in most chemical and physical laboratories, including those in medical centers, it is not as frequently seen in the laboratories of physician's offices (those either in solo or group practice). I believe that the Handbook can be useful in those laboratories. One of the reasons, among others, is that the various basic items of information it offers may be helpful in new tests, either physical or chemical, which are continuously being published. The basic information may relate

Handbook of Chemistry and Physics

This article reports on the International Nanofluid Property Benchmark Exercise, or INPBE, in which the thermal conductivity of identical samples of colloidally stable dispersions of nanoparticles or “nanofluids,” was measured by over 30 organizations worldwide, using a variety of experimental approaches, including the transient hot wire method, steady-state methods, and optical methods. The nanofluids tested in the exercise were comprised of aqueous and nonaqueous basefluids, metal and metal oxide particles, near-spherical and elongated particles, at low and high particle concentrations. The data analysis reveals that the data from most organizations lie within a relatively narrow band (±10% or less) about the sample average with only few outliers. The thermal conductivity of the nanofluids was found to increase with particle concentration and aspect ratio, as expected from classical theory. There are (small) systematic differences in the absolute values of the nanofluid thermal conductivity among the various experimental approaches; however, such differences tend to disappear when the data are normalized to the measured thermal conductivity of the basefluid. The effective medium theory developed for dispersed particles by Maxwell in 1881 and recently generalized by Nan et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 81, 6692 (1997)], was found to be in good agreement with the experimental data, suggesting that no anomalous enhancement of thermal conductivity was achieved in the nanofluids tested in this exercise.

A Benchmark Study on the Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids

A review on novel processes of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil

In a preceding project, functional forms for “short” Helmholtz energy equations of state for typical nonpolar and weakly polar fluids and for typical polar fluids were developed using simultaneous optimization. In this work, the coefficients of these short forms for the equations of state have been fitted for the fluids acetone, carbon monoxide, carbonyl sulfide, decane, hydrogen sulfide, 2-methylbutane (isopentane), 2,2-dimethylpropane (neopentane), 2-methylpentane (isohexane), krypton, nitrous oxide, nonane, sulfur dioxide, toluene, xenon, hexafluoroethane (R-116), 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (R-141b), 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (R-142b), octafluoropropane (R-218), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (R-245fa), and fluoromethane (R-41). The 12 coefficients of the equations of state were fitted to substance specific data sets. The results show that simultaneously optimized functional forms can be applied to other fluids out of the same class of fluids for which they were optimized without significant loss of a...

Short Fundamental Equations of State for 20 Industrial Fluids

Fluid phase equilibria

A review analyzing the industrial biodiesel production practice starting from vegetable oil refining

In the present work, a large number of compounds described in the publicly available literature have been reviewed with the aim to identify possible substitutes for high-GWP HFCs in HVAC&R and organic Rankine cycle (ORC) applications. Taking into account various criteria (particularly low toxicity, low flammability, low GWP, and high energy efficiency), only a few single-component compounds are suitable for many of the relevant applications. In particular, in addition to natural fluids, studies have shown that there are only a few HFCs and a dozen or so HFOs, i.e. halogenated olefins characterized by the presence of a C C double bond in the molecule, that are potentially suitable for a number of relevant applications. Here, a review of the present state-of-the-art of experimentally-determined thermophysical properties of a number of HFOs working fluids and their mixtures also with other categories of refrigerants is presented, with particular emphasis placed on saturation and critical properties, vapor phase PVT data, liquid density, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and surface tension.

Low GWP halocarbon refrigerants: A review of thermophysical properties

This paper is a review of the available literature on the main features of 11 of the most widely adopted oxygenated additives to base gasoline and diesel, focusing particularly on the emissions from the oxygenates considered as additives. The oxygenated additives studied are methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl tertiary butyl ether, tert-amyl ethyl ether, tertiary amyl methyl ether, isopropyl ether, dimethyl carbonate, dimethoxymethane, dibutyl ether, diglycol methyl ether, diethyl carbonate, and 2-methoxyethyl acetate.

Emissions from Ethers and Organic Carbonate Fuel Additives: A Review

Adoption of nanofluids in low-enthalpy parabolic trough solar collectors: Numerical simulation of the yearly yield

The vapor pressure data of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CF3CF═CH2, HFO-1234yf) were measured using a constant-volume apparatus. Measurements were carried out in a wide temperature range, from (224 to 366) K, and at pressures from (39 to 3218) kPa. A total of 35 experimental points were obtained. The measurements were fitted to the Wagner equation with an absolute deviation of 0.35 %. To our knowledge, no other experimental results have been published in the open literature on the properties studied here; for this reason, our experimental results were compared with a preliminary equation of state.

/pdf/saturated-pressure-measurements-of-2-3-3-3-tetrafluoroprop-1-2ykr4cc61p.pdf

Giovanni Di Nicola

Papers

A review analyzing the industrial biodiesel production practice starting from vegetable oil refining

Low GWP halocarbon refrigerants: A review of thermophysical properties

Emissions from Ethers and Organic Carbonate Fuel Additives: A Review

Adoption of nanofluids in low-enthalpy parabolic trough solar collectors: Numerical simulation of the yearly yield

Saturated Pressure Measurements of 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (HFO-1234yf)