Radio frequency (RF) energy transfer and harvesting techniques have recently become alternative methods to power the next-generation wireless networks As this emerging technology enables proactive energy replenishment of wireless devices, it is advantageous in supporting applications with quality-of-service requirements In this paper, we present a comprehensive literature review on the research progresses in wireless networks with RF energy harvesting capability, which is referred to as RF energy harvesting networks (RF-EHNs) First, we present an overview of the RF-EHNs including system architecture, RF energy harvesting techniques, and existing applications Then, we present the background in circuit design as well as the state-of-the-art circuitry implementations and review the communication protocols specially designed for RF-EHNs We also explore various key design issues in the development of RF-EHNs according to the network types, ie, single-hop networks, multiantenna networks, relay networks, and cognitive radio networks Finally, we envision some open research directions

Wireless Networks With RF Energy Harvesting: A Contemporary Survey

Look to this new, cutting-edge microstrip antenna book for the first exhaustive coverage of broadband techniques, including the most up-to-date information to help you choose and design the optimum broadband microstrip antenna configurations for your applications, without sacrificing other antenna parameters. The book shows you how to take advantage of the lightweight, low volume benefits of these antennas, by providing clear explanations of the various configurations and simple design equations that help you analyze and design microstrip antennas with speed and confidence. This practical resource offers you a comprehensive understanding of the radiation mechanism and characteristic of microstrip antennas, and provides guidance in designing new types of planar monopole antennas with multi-octave bandwidth. You learn how to select and design proper broadband microstrip antenna configurations for compact, tunable, dual-band and circular polarization applications. Moreover, the book compares all the broadband techniques and suggests the most attractive configuration. Extensively referenced with over 300 illustrations and 140 equations.

Broadband Microstrip Antennas

This paper presents a novel single-patch wide-band microstrip antenna: the E-shaped patch antenna. Two parallel slots are incorporated into the patch of a microstrip antenna to expand it bandwidth. The wide-band mechanism is explored by investigating the behavior of the currents on the patch. The slot length, width, and position are optimized to achieve a wide bandwidth. The validity of the design concept is demonstrated by two examples with 21.2% and 32.3% bandwidths. Finally, a 30.3% E-shaped patch antenna, resonating at wireless communication frequencies of 1.9 and 2.4 GHz, is designed, fabricated and measured. The radiation pattern and directivity are also presented.

Wide-band E-shaped patch antennas for wireless communications

This paper presents a study of a novel monopole antenna for ultrawide-band (UWB) applications. Printed on a dielectric substrate and fed by a 50 /spl Omega/ microstrip line, a planar circular disc monopole has been demonstrated to provide an ultra wide 10 dB return loss bandwidth with satisfactory radiation properties. The parameters which affect the performance of the antenna in terms of its frequency domain characteristics are investigated. A good agreement is achieved between the simulation and the experiment. In addition, the time domain performance of the proposed antenna is also evaluated in simulations.

Study of a printed circular disc monopole antenna for UWB systems

Review on the criteria anticipated for the fabrication of highly efficient ZnO-based visible-light-driven photocatalysts

In this paper, three designs of broadband compact antennas are presented for their application inside metallic launchers. The first antenna is designed using quarter-wave patch with one edge shorted to ground. To reduce frequency of operation, two more antennas are designed using grooves and slits with increased effective electrical length. Second antenna is designed using curved grooves at edges towards length of antenna and third antenna is designed using slits on the surface of the antenna. The Antennas are fed using N-type connector. The three antennas have 21.6%, 11.9% and 6.85% bandwidth for VSWR $\leq 2$ at the center frequency of 1.9, 1.42, and 1.24 GHz respectively. First antenna is fabricated with single block of stainless steel to survive under high shock, vibration and surface temperature of 1000 degree Celsius and its performance is measured.

Broadband Compact and Rugged Antenna Designs for Launcher Applications

In this paper a GPS module based Transceiver for sea and land surveillance is developed with a range of few Kms. To achieve a larger range, a system at 433 MHz with high gain microstrip antenna and low power transceiver IC from Texas Instruments CC1101 is developed. The gain of receiver antenna is 9dB. To enhance the portability of the transmitter, gain of the transmitter antenna is kept 1.5dB. A reliable GPS data parsing algorithm has also been developed in the paper.

Low power portable GPS based transceiver for sea and land surveillance

Microstrip antennas (MSA) have several advantages, such as, lightweight, small volume and low profile planar configuration. Their main disadvantage is small VSWR bandwidth. Also, the size of a /spl lambda//2 length rectangular MSA (RMSA) is large for operation in the UHF frequency range. The size of the MSA has been reduced by using shorting posts or by cutting slots. The resonant frequency of the RMSA reduces by a factor of 3 to 4 when a single shorting post is loaded either in the middle of its edge or at its corner, but the bandwidth of the shorted RMSA is small. The configurations obtained by cutting slots in the RMSA, such as, rectangular ring, H and C shaped MSAs give the reduction in the operating frequency with the reduced bandwidth. In this paper, several hybrid coupled compact variations of RMSA have been proposed to yield broad bandwidth.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/7012/18938/00874471.pdf

Hybrid coupled compact variations of rectangular microstrip antennas

A broadband air-suspended stacked circular microstrip antenna is designed by employing a symmetrically direct coupled feed mechanism. The technique improves the bandwidth from 16.5% (for electromagnetically coupled stacked circular microstrip antenna) to 25.2% with a significant reduction in cross polarization components. The antenna results in a low cost solution and can be used for high power applications.

Broadband Symmetrically Direct Coupled Circular Microstrip Antenna

In this paper, a low cost dual band planar monopole rectangular antenna with fractal stub is presented. Rectangular antenna with fractal stub is designed and fabricated on 1.6mm thick FR4 substrate. The bandwidth of the antenna is from (0.80-0.96) and (1.74- 2.92) GHz for return loss < -10dB. This antenna covers CDMA, GSM900, GSM1800, 3G, 4G and Wi-Fi bands. An acceptable radiation pattern is obtained at all these bands. The maximum gain of the designed antenna is 2.7dBi.

https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v3i10/T0NUMTQxMDU=.pdf

Girish Kumar

Papers

Broadband Compact and Rugged Antenna Designs for Launcher Applications

Low power portable GPS based transceiver for sea and land surveillance

Hybrid coupled compact variations of rectangular microstrip antennas

Broadband Symmetrically Direct Coupled Circular Microstrip Antenna

Planar Monopole Rectangular Antenna With Fractal Stub For Dual Band Applications