Giulia Cesi

TL;DR: In BRAFV600E and BRAFWT/NRASmut melanoma cells, the increased production of ROS upon inhibition of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, is responsible for activating PDKs, which in turn phosphorylate and inactivate PDH, suggesting small molecule PDK inhibitors such as AZD7545, might be promising drugs for combination treatment in melanoma patients.

TL;DR: This is the first report demonstrating the functional involvement of EVs in melanoma drug resistance by transporting a truncated but functional form of ALK, able to activate the MAPK signalling pathway in target cells.

TL;DR: Findings on the involvement of extracellular vesicles in transferring traits of cancer cells to their surroundings are reviewed and new data on oncosomes, a larger type of vesicle is discussed.

TL;DR: Several genes and miRNAs were differentially regulated in the drug-resistant and -sensitive cell lines and might be considered as prognostic and/or diagnostic resistance biomarkers in melanoma drug resistance.

TL;DR: New, previously unexplored kinase inhibitors that have an effect not only on sensitive but also on BRAFi-resistant cells are identified that could be of clinical benefit as a 2nd line treatment for late-stage melanoma patients that have already developed resistance.