Metal–Organic Frameworks for Separations

Owing to the increasing emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), human life and the ecological environment have been affected by global warming and climate changes. To mitigate the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere various strategies have been implemented such as separation, storage, and utilization of CO2. Although it has been explored for many years, hydrogenation reaction, an important representative among chemical conversions of CO2, offers challenging opportunities for sustainable development in energy and the environment. Indeed, the hydrogenation of CO2 not only reduces the increasing CO2 buildup but also produces fuels and chemicals. In this critical review we discuss recent developments in this area, with emphases on catalytic reactivity, reactor innovation, and reaction mechanism. We also provide an overview regarding the challenges and opportunities for future research in the field (319 references).

Recent advances in catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide

Global warming and climate change concerns have triggered global efforts to reduce the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) is considered a crucial strategy for meeting CO2 emission reduction targets. In this paper, various aspects of CCS are reviewed and discussed including the state of the art technologies for CO2 capture, separation, transport, storage, leakage, monitoring, and life cycle analysis. The selection of specific CO2 capture technology heavily depends on the type of CO2 generating plant and fuel used. Among those CO2 separation processes, absorption is the most mature and commonly adopted due to its higher efficiency and lower cost. Pipeline is considered to be the most viable solution for large volume of CO2 transport. Among those geological formations for CO2 storage, enhanced oil recovery is mature and has been practiced for many years but its economical viability for anthropogenic sources needs to be demonstrated. There are growing interests in CO2 storage in saline aquifers due to their enormous potential storage capacity and several projects are in the pipeline for demonstration of its viability. There are multiple hurdles to CCS deployment including the absence of a clear business case for CCS investment and the absence of robust economic incentives to support the additional high capital and operating costs of the whole CCS process.

https://www.elsevier.com/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/96980/Current-status-carbon-capture.pdf

An overview of current status of carbon dioxide capture and storage technologies

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is broadly recognised as having the potential to play a key role in meeting climate change targets, delivering low carbon heat and power, decarbonising industry and, more recently, its ability to facilitate the net removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. However, despite this broad consensus and its technical maturity, CCS has not yet been deployed on a scale commensurate with the ambitions articulated a decade ago. Thus, in this paper we review the current state-of-the-art of CO2 capture, transport, utilisation and storage from a multi-scale perspective, moving from the global to molecular scales. In light of the COP21 commitments to limit warming to less than 2 °C, we extend the remit of this study to include the key negative emissions technologies (NETs) of bioenergy with CCS (BECCS), and direct air capture (DAC). Cognisant of the non-technical barriers to deploying CCS, we reflect on recent experience from the UK's CCS commercialisation programme and consider the commercial and political barriers to the large-scale deployment of CCS. In all areas, we focus on identifying and clearly articulating the key research challenges that could usefully be addressed in the coming decade.

/pdf/carbon-capture-and-storage-ccs-the-way-forward-11rgsqyer0.pdf

Carbon capture and storage (CCS): the way forward

Membrane distillation: A comprehensive review

http://faratarjome.ir/u/media/shopping_files/store-EN-1428562868-9671.pdf

Membrane technologies for CO2 separation

Direct contact membrane distillation: modelling and concentration experiments

Mass transfer and metabolic reactions in hepatocyte spheroids cultured in rotating wall gas-permeable membrane system

Methane steam re-forming is one of the most important chemical processes in hydrogen and syngas production. Simulation of reactors with parallel-flow and counterflow configuration has been performed to study the methane steam re-forming reaction in a packed-bed inert membrane reactor (PBIMR). In this kind of reactor complete methane conversion can be achieved by means of the total removal of hydrogen from the reaction products. In the model a dense Pd membrane was simulated, assuming an infinite permselectivity to hydrogen. Membrane reactor performance was compared to that of a conventional fixed-bed reactor. The effect on the degree of conversion was analyzed for different parameters such as temperature, reactor pressure, feed and sweep flow rate, feed molar ratio, membrane thickness, and space velocity. Comparison with experimental data of Shu et al. (1994) showed a good agreement. An analysis of the results indicated that the choice of operating conditions requires a complex process strategy.

Giuseppe Barbieri

Papers

Membrane technologies for CO2 separation

Direct contact membrane distillation: modelling and concentration experiments

Mass transfer and metabolic reactions in hepatocyte spheroids cultured in rotating wall gas-permeable membrane system

Simulation of the methane steam re-forming process in a catalytic Pd-membrane reactor

Simulation study of water gas shift reaction in a membrane reactor