Due to fast climate change and foreseen damage through global warming, access to clean and green energy has become very much essential for the sustainable development of the society, globally. Biomass based energy is one of the important renewable energy resources to meet the day to day energy requirements and is as old as the human civilization. Biomass gasification is among few important aspects of bioenergy for producing heat, power and biofuels for useful applications. Despite, the availability of vast literature, technological and material advancements, the dissemination of gasification technology could not overcome the critical barriers for the widespread acceptability over the conventional energy resources. This article presents a comprehensive review on the technical advancements, developments of biomass gasification technology and the barriers being faced by different stakeholders in the wide dissemination of the technology for day to day requirements of the society, followed by recommendations for policy makers to make this technology popular while serving the society.

Recent advances in the development of biomass gasification technology: A comprehensive review

Opportunities and challenges in sustainable treatment and resource reuse of sewage sludge: A review

Biomass has proven to be an effective energy carrier capable of fulfilling the growing demand of clean and everlasting energy source for the sustainable development of society Among different biomass conversion routes, biomass gasification is one of the most promising thermochemical routes for conversion of biomass into gaseous fuel for both heat and power generation applications besides biofuel production through fermentation But, we are unable to present these gaseous fuels directly for domestic and commercial uses, which indicates the existence of various barriers including the lack of research in this area In this article, various barriers to the technology, such as challenges with biomass supply chain management, biomass pretreatment, generic shortcomings, gas conditioning and conversion technology have been highlighted Based on recent studies, the gasification of biomass, gas conditioning, government policies and utilization of fuel gas for heat and power generation applications have been identified as the greatest challenges Despite the availability of different gasifier reactors, a highly efficient reactor design is yet to be developed for successful operation and commercialization Thus, an advanced gasification system with efficient gas conditioning technology can significantly overcome many of the barriers

Global challenges in the sustainable development of biomass gasification: An overview

Treatment of biowaste, the predominant waste fraction in low- and middle-income settings, offers public health, environmental and economic benefits by converting waste into a hygienic product, diverting it from disposal sites, and providing a source of income. This article presents a comprehensive overview of 13 biowaste treatment technologies, grouped into four categories: (1) direct use (direct land application, direct animal feed, direct combustion), (2) biological treatment (composting, vermicomposting, black soldier fly treatment, anaerobic digestion, fermentation), (3) physico-chemical treatment (transesterification, densification), and (4) thermo-chemical treatment (pyrolysis, liquefaction, gasification). Based on a literature review and expert consultation, the main feedstock requirements, process conditions and treatment products are summarized, and the challenges and trends, particularly regarding the applicability of each technology in the urban low- and middle-income context, are critically discussed. An analysis of the scientific articles published from 2005 to 2015 reveals substantial differences in the amount and type of research published for each technology, a fact that can partly be explained with the development stage of the technologies. Overall, publications from case studies and field research seem disproportionately underrepresented for all technologies. One may argue that this reflects the main task of researchers—to conduct fundamental research for enhanced process understanding—but it may also be a result of the traditional embedding of the waste sector in the discipline of engineering science, where socio-economic and management aspects are seldom object of the research. More unbiased, well-structured and reproducible evidence from case studies at scale could foster the knowledge transfer to practitioners and enhance the exchange between academia, policy and practice.

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Treatment technologies for urban solid biowaste to create value products: a review with focus on low- and middle-income settings

A review of hydrogen production via biomass gasification and its prospect in Bangladesh

The reduction of imported forms of energy, and the conservation of the limited supply of fossil fuels, depends up on the utilization of all other available fuel energy sources. Biomass is a renewable energy source and represents a valid alternative to fossil fuels. The abundance of biomass ranks it as the third energy resource after oil and coal. Moreover, when compared to fossil fuels, biomass fuels possess negligible sulphur concentrations, produce less ash, and generate far less emissions in to the air. In other words, biomass can deliver significant greenhouse gas reductions in electricity, heat and transport fuel supply. The energy in biomass may be realized by different thermochemical technologies of which gasification is most promising alternative routes to convert biomass to power/heat generation and production of transportation fuels and chemical feedstock. This paper deals with the state of the art biomass gasification technologies, evaluating advantages and disadvantages, the potential use of the syngas and the application of the biomass gasification. Also, this paper provides short overview of the current status of the biomass gasification in Serbia.

Biomass gasification technology: The state of the art overview

This paper is a review of the state of the art of biomass gasification and
 the future of using biomass in Serbia and it presents researches within the
 project “The Development of a CHP Plant with Biomass Gasification”. The
 concept of downdraft demonstration unit coupled with gas engine is adopted.
 Downdraft fixed-bed gasification is generally favored for CHP, owing to the
 simple and reliable gasifiers and low content of tar and dust in produced
 gas. The composition and quantity of gas and the amount of air are defined by
 modeling biomass residues gasification process. The gas (290-400m3/h for 0.5-
 0.7MW biomass input) obtained by gasification at 800oC with air at
 atmospheric pressure contains 14% H2, 27% CO, 9% CO2, 2% CH4, and 48% N2, and
 its net heating value is 4.8-6 MJ/Nm3. The expected gasifier efficiency is up
 to 80%. The review of the work on biomass gasification has shown that the
 development of technology has reached the mature stage. There are CHP plants
 with biomass gasification operating as demonstration plants and several
 gasification demonstration units are successfully oriented to biofuel
 production. No attempt has been made here to address the economic feasibility
 of the system. Economics will be the part of a later work as firmer data are
 acquired.

/pdf/biomass-gasification-with-chp-production-a-review-of-state-313cl3ppiy.pdf

Biomass gasification with chp production - a review of state of the art technology and near future perspectives

Cfd analysis and airflow measurements to approach large industrial halls energy efficiency: A case study of a cardboard mill hall

The paper presents caracteristics of energy consumption in industrial sector of Serbia, the methodology and results of energy audits (EA) performed in industrial sites and potentials for energy efficiency (EE) improvements. The present state of industrial energy in Serbia could be characterized by significant technological out-of-date, low EE and low level of environmental protection. Presented analysis of the results of conducted EAs in selected industrial companies in previous period has shown the significant potentials for EE improvements in Serbian industrial sector (upgrading or replacement of equipment in the industrial energy sources and processes, introduction of energy management, improvement of steam supply and condensate return systems, the waste heat utilization, introduction of EE technology, improvement of EE in electrical equipment, usage of waste materials etc).

Energy audit as a tool for improving overal energy efficiency in Serbian industrial sector

Paper production is one of the most energy intensive industrial processes.
 The use of waste heat is very important for energy efficiency improvement in
 paper industry. This paper deals with methods for calculation of potentials
 of waste heat generated in paper/board production process. For that purpose,
 the material and heat balance of the cardboard machine at Umka Cardboard Mill
 has been determined. Field measurements were conducted in order to define the
 unknown values of process parameters used for calculation in the balance
 equations and modelling. The focus was given to the cardboard drying section,
 which consumes most of the energy supplied to the machine. Additional aim of
 the work presented in the paper was to evaluate the specific energy
 consumption and the thermal efficiency of all individual energy units within
 the machine’s drying section. The results indicate two main sources of waste
 heat: waste heat released to the atmosphere with the discharge air from the
 present waste heat recovery system (14,380 kW); and waste heat released into
 the hall from the machine and extracted by the hall ventilation system (4,430
 kW). Waste heat from both sources is characterized by fairly low temperatures
 58-75oС and fairly high moisture content (30-40 g/kg). The waste heat can be
 partly utilized for preheating the fresh air in cardboard drying process,
 saving up to 13% of steam consumption. The specific heat consumption and
 specific steam consumption (consumption per tonne of produced cardboard) of
 the machine was 1,490 kWh/t and 1.4 t/t, respectively. The thermal efficiency
 of drying section and coating drying section was 55.6% and 33.6%,
 respectively. All these figures imply necessity for further waste heat
 utilization with the aim of improving the efficiency of energy use.

/pdf/waste-heat-potentials-in-the-drying-section-of-the-paper-6bi51aky1l.pdf

Goran Jankes

Papers

Biomass gasification technology: The state of the art overview

Biomass gasification with chp production - a review of state of the art technology and near future perspectives

Cfd analysis and airflow measurements to approach large industrial halls energy efficiency: A case study of a cardboard mill hall

Energy audit as a tool for improving overal energy efficiency in Serbian industrial sector

Waste heat potentials in the drying section of the paper machine in umka cardboard mill