Electromagnetic Metamaterials: Transmission Line Theory and Microwave Applications. By Christophe Caloz and Tatsuo Itoh.

Systems and methods for wireless power transmission

The present disclosure describes a methodology for wireless power transmission based on pocket-forming. This methodology may include one transmitter and at least one or more receivers, being the transmitter the source of energy and the receiver the device that is desired to charge or power. The transmitter may identify and locate the device to which the receiver is connected and thereafter aim pockets of energy to the device in order to power it. Pockets of energy may be generated through constructive and destructive interferences, which may create null-spaces and spots of pockets of energy ranged into one or more radii from transmitter. Such feature may enable wireless power transmission through a selective range, which may limit operation area of electronic devices and/or may avoid formation of pockets of energy near and/or over certain areas, objects and people.

Wireless power transmission with selective range

A method for controlling communication between wireless power transmitter managers is disclosed. According to some aspects of this embodiment, wireless power transmission system may include one or more wireless power transmitter managers and one or more wireless power receivers for powering various customer devices. A WiFi connection may be established between wireless power transmitter managers to share information between system devices. Wireless power transmitter manager may need to fulfill two conditions to control power transfer over a customer device; customer device's signal strength threshold has to be significantly greater than 50%, such as 55% or more of the signal strength measured by all other wireless power transmitter managers and has to remain significantly greater than 50% for a minimum amount of time.

System and method for controlling communication between wireless power transmitter managers

The present invention may provide various electric receiver arrangements which may be used to provide wireless power transmission using suitable power transmission techniques such as pocket-forming. In some embodiments, receivers may include at least one antenna connected to at least one rectifier and one power converter. In other embodiments, receivers including a plurality of antennas, a plurality of rectifiers or a plurality of power converters may be provided. In addition, receivers may include communications components which may allow for communication to various electronic equipment including transmitters, phones, computers and others. Lastly, various implementation arrangements may be provided for including receivers in electronic devices.

Receivers for Wireless Power Transmission

A reflective impedance element is connected to a port of a composite right/left-handed transmission line, and operates at a predetermined operating frequency so that an impedance when the reflective impedance element is seen from the port becomes a pure imaginary number jB. A reflective impedance component is connected to a port of the composite right/left-handed transmission line, and operates at the predetermined operating frequency so that an impedance when the reflective impedance element is seen from the port becomes −jB.

Microwave resonator configured by composite right/left-handed meta-material and antenna apparatus provided with the microwave resonator

Effects of the reflection condition at both ends of a zeroth order-resonator are investigated. The proposed resonator is composed of a composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLHTL) and two reactive elements as reflectors at both ends. The load reactance at one end is chosen as the complex conjugate of the other. The balanced case without bandgaps between right- and left-handed passbands, as well as the unbalanced cases, are discussed for CRLHTLs employed in the resonators. The superposition of stored energies of series resonance in the series branch and parallel resonance in the shunt branch in the ladder network can be continuously and arbitrarily controlled by changing only the load reactance at the terminals. For unbalanced cases, the resonance occurs within the bandgap. Coexistence of the two different resonances is verified by directly observing the near-field distribution of the resonator in the numerical simulation and the measurement.

Zeroth-Order Resonators With Variable Reactance Loads at Both Ends

Polarization-controllable zeroth-order-resonator antenna with reactance loads at both ends is proposed and demonstrated. The zeroth-order resonator antenna is composed of a microstrip-line-based composite right/left handed transmission line with reactive loads. The impedance of one load is the complex conjugate of another. By changing the end condition under the resonance, superposition of energies of dual resonances in series and shunt branches of the unit cell can be simultaneously and arbitrarily controlled. When the center microstrip line is perpendicular to the stubs, the polarization of radiation fields from the center microstrip line is orthogonal to that from stubs. By changing the terminating condition, we can continuously rotate the co-polarization direction of the linearly-polarized radiation. The numerical and experimental results verified the basic concept.

Gouki Haida

Papers

Microwave resonator configured by composite right/left-handed meta-material and antenna apparatus provided with the microwave resonator

Zeroth-Order Resonators With Variable Reactance Loads at Both Ends

Polarization-controllable zeroth-order-resonator antennas with reactance loads at both ends