Showing papers by "Govindasamy Balasekaran published in 2007"
26 Dec 2007
TL;DR: It is shown that RECHOKe performs better than RED, CHOKe and xCHOKe which are limited in what they can achieve as malicious flows get much more than their fair share and non-malicious flows get mistakenly penalized.
Abstract: In this paper, we are proposing a scheme called RECHOKe (REpeatedly CHOose and keep for malicious flows, REpeatedly CHOose and Kill for non-malicious flows) to be used for detecting, controlling and punishing of malicious flows in IP networks. It is an extension of xCHOKe, CHOKe and RED-PD schemes, combining both CHOKe hit and RED drop/mark histories, to detect, control and punish these flows more accurately while providing better protection to non-malicious flows. However, unlike xCHOKe and CHOKe, RECHOKe does not drop packets during CHOKe hits; thereby eliminating the complexity of dropping or marking randomly selected packets already queued and the unreliability of CHOKe hits. We analyze xCHOKe and RECHOKe in detail using ns-2 and show that RECHOKe performs better than RED, CHOKe and xCHOKe which are limited in what they can achieve as malicious flows get much more than their fair share and non-malicious flows get mistakenly penalized.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of four weeks of daylight fasting during the Holy Month of Ramadan on body composition in Muslim Arab males was examined, and the results suggest that daylight fasting observed during Ramadan does not influence energy expenditure, total energy intake and body composition.
Abstract: BACKGROUND. The Holy Month of Ramadan sees Muslim's worldwide fast for four weeks between sunrise and sunset. Several studies have been conducted to examine changes in body composition with Ramadan, yet most have not employed sufficient control measures. Therefore, most theories suggesting Ramadan reduces body mass and fat are based on anecdotal evidence.PURPOSE. To examine the effect of four weeks of fasting during the Holy Month of Ramadan on body composition in Muslim Arab males.METHODS. Forty-two males aged 23.6 ± 1.6 yrs (mean ± SE) undertook four different trials over a three month period. The first trial was conducted one month before Ramadan (CON1), the second in the days before Ramadan (PRE), the third in the final two days of Ramadan (POST) and the fourth one month after Ramadan (CON2). A single researcher conducted all sampling, at the same time of the day. Recorded data included 3-day dietary and monthly activity recalls, anthropometric and body composition measurements, including body height and mass, Hip:Waist Ratio (HWR) and seven skinfold measurements. Differences between trials were analyzed with a One-way ANOVA with Tukey 's post-hoc tests. Significance was set at the P<0.05 level.RESULTS. No changes were recorded between trials in body mass (CON1, 75.6 ± 2.6; PRE, 75.3 ± 2.5; POST, 75.0 ± 2.6; CON2, 75.4 ± 2.6 kg), individual site skinfold measurements, calculated % body fat (CON1, 21.0 ± 1.0; PRE, 20.0 ± 1.0; POST, 19.7 ± 1.0; CON2, 20.2 ± 1.1 %), fat mass, and fat free mass. Estimated weekly energy expenditure (EE) (CON1, 1647.3 ± 512.0; PRE, 1255.6 ± 333.1; POST, 1133.0 ± 238.64; CON2, 796.3 ± 199.2 kcal) and daily energy intake (CON1, 1617.7 ± 72.4; PRE, 1489.7 ± 79.4; POST, 1385.5 ± 60.0; CON2, 1381.4 ± 74.9 kcal), reduced significantly over the three month trial period. Fat (CON1, 61.0 ± 6.1; PRE, 49.3 ± 4.6; POST, 48.0 ± 4.8; CON2, 45.5 ± 4.7 g) and protein (CON1, 79.8 ± 5.8; PRE, 66.2 ± 5.4; POST, 63.0 ± 4.6; CON2, 65.1 ± 5.2 g) consumption significantly altered over the testing period. However, there was no difference in EE, daily energy intake, fat and protein between the PRE and POST trials.CONCLUSION. The results suggest within this cohort that four weeks of daylight fasting observed during Ramadan does not influence energy expenditure, total energy intake and body composition.©2007The American College of Sports Medicine
5 citations
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors employed two field tests to determine player position specific aerobic fitness indicators for 31 male elite Japanese soccer players (aged 21-29 y), who were all regular members of the national “A” squad of the Japan Football Association.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE Laboratory and field tests are useful to examine players’ aerobic capabilities for performance. Most aerobic tests are continuous, whereas, in field sports such as soccer, exercise is intermittent and performance is related to the athletes’ ability to repeatedly perform intense exercise. Therefore, field tests provide specific results and are more valid than laboratory tests for coaches. The aim of the present study was to employee two field tests to determine player position specific aerobic fitness indicators for 31 male elite Japanese soccer players (aged 21-29 y), who were all regular members of the national “A” squad of the Japan Football Association. A secondary aim was to make a comparison with other corresponding level data.CONCLUSION In conclusion, these results may suggest that specific individualised fitness/skill training for the various positions revealed similar outcomes in terms of aerobic fitness levels. More research is necessary to provide fitness test data for elite players to streamline training specifically and elicit higher fitness levels.©Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (2007)
2 citations