A method and apparatus for the manipulation of colloidal particulates and biomolecules at the interface between an insulating electrode such as silicon oxide and an electrolyte solution. Light-controlled electrokinetic assembly of particles near surfaces relies on the combination of three functional elements: the AC electric field-induced assembly of planar aggregates; the patterning of the electrolyte/silicon oxide/silicon interface to exert spatial control over the assembly process; and the real-time control of the assembly process via external illumination. The present invention provides a set of fundamental operations enabling interactive control over the creation and placement of planar arrays of several types of particles and biomolecules and the manipulation of array shape and size. The present invention enables sample preparation and handling for diagnostic assays and biochemical analysis in an array format, and the functional integration of these operations. In addition, the present invention provides a procedure for the creation of material surfaces with desired properties and for the fabrication of surface-mounted optical components. The invention is also for a system and method for programmable illumination pattern generation, including a novel method and apparatus to generate patterns of illumination and project them onto planar surfaces or onto planar interfaces such as the interface formed by an electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS), e.g., as described herein. This enables the creation of patterns or sequences of patterns using graphical design or drawing software on a personal computer and the projection of said patterns, or sequences of patterns (“time-varying patterns”), onto the interface using a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel and an optical design which images the LCD panel onto the surface of interest. The use of the LCD technology provides flexibility and control over spatial layout, temporal sequences and intensities (“gray scales”) of illumination patterns. The latter capability permits the creation of patterns with abruptly changing light intensities or patterns with gradually changing intensity profiles.

System and method for programmable illumination pattern generation

To provide PPARη modulators seemingly usable in remedies for involutional osteoporosis which inhibit the accelerated differentiation of adipocytes and promote the formation and differentiation of osteoblasts from stem cells, or remedies for diabetes which are free from excessive formation of adipocytes, liver functional failure, vascular lesion, heart failure, etc. Compounds represented by general formula (I) or pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof: wherein A represents phenyl, etc.; B represents aryl, etc.; X represents oxygen, etc.; and n is 0 or 1.

Ppar (gamma) modulators

Preparation of phosphorus-containing polymers—XX. Synthesis of phenoxaphosphine-containing polyesters

A method for producing an acrylic dyeable and shrinkable fiber being reduced in the shrink during dying and exhibiting a high shrinkage factor even after dyeing, which comprises spinning incompatible fluid stocks for spinning.

Acrylic shrinkable fiber and method for production thereof

of the Disclosure The invention relates to membranes which consist of aromatic polyamides containing disulphimide groups and have relative viscosities ?rel of< 14, as measured on a 05 % N-methyl-pyrrolidone solution at 20°C, and which may be used for ultra-filtration and inverse osmosis The membranes of these polyamides according to the invention have a high permeability to water, for example, a throughflow of 1000-5000 1/m2d under a pressure of 20 bars, and a high retention capacity for dissolved sub-stances

Semipermeable membranes of copolyamides

Zur Herstellung von hochmolekularen aromatischen Polyamiden, die in polaren Losungsmitteln loslich sind, wurden neue aromatische Diamine mit Oxdiazol-, Triazol-, Thiadiazol-, Thiazol-, Hydantoin-, Chinazolon- und Chinazolindion-Ringsystemen, die zum Teil auch noch Ather- oder Sulfongruppen enthalten, mit aromatischen Dicarbonsauredichloriden (z. B. Iso- oder Terephthaloyldichlorid) in polaren organischen Losungsmitteln (z. B. N.N-Dimethylacetamid oder N-Methylpyrrolidon) umgesetzt.



Es konnten Faden und Fasern hergestellt werden, die eine sehr gute Festigkeit und eine hohe Temperaturbestandigkeit aufweisen. Polyamide aus Diaminen mit Chinazolindion-Ringsystemen waren thermisch am bestandigsten und zeichnen sich auserdem durch eine sehr geringe Brennbarkeit aus.



Aus ihren Losungen in polaren Losungsmitteln lassen sich die neuen Polyamide auch zu geschmeidigen, hochtemperaturbestandigen Filmen verarbeiten.



In the production of high molecular weight aromatic polyamides which are soluble in polar solvents, novel aromatic diamines with oxdiazole, triazole, thiadiazole, thiazole, hydantoin, quinazolone and quinazolinedione ring systems – some of the novel aromatic diamines contain ether or sulfone groups – are reacted with aromatic dicarboxylic acid dichlorides (e.g. iso- or terephthaloyl dichloride) in polar organic solvents (e.g. N.N-dimethylacetamide or N-methyl-pyrrolidone).



Filaments and fibres which possess a very good strength and a high thermal stability can be produced. Polyamides of diamines with quinazolinedione ring systems are most stable to high temperatures and are further distinguished by being only slightly liable to combustion.



The new polyamides dissolved in polar solvents are suitable in the production of flexible films which are stable to high temperatures.

Über aromatische polyamide mit heterocyclischen ringsystemen

New thermally stable aromatic polyamides that are soluble in organic solvents, which polyamides contain quinazolone ring systems and which are produced by poly-condensation of aromatic diamines having one or two quinazolone ring systems in their molecule and aromatic dicarboxylic acid dihalides.

Aromatic polyamides containing the quinazolone ring

The invention relates to dry-spun modacrylic filaments with improved coloristic properties based on a polymer mixture, which comprises at least one acrylonitrile-vinyl chloride copolymer and a chlorine-containing copolymer containing sulphonic acid ester groups or sulphuric acid ester groups.

Dry-spun modacrylic filaments with improved coloristic properties

The invention relates to copolyamides which have an extremely low water absorption capacity of 1 to 3.5 % but remarkably high tensile strengths of between 7 and 20 g/dtex and moduli of elasticity of between 500 and 11.000 kg.wt/mm2. The copolyamides comprise of from 50 to 95 mol.% of structural units of the general formula AND 5 TO 50 MOL% OF STRUCTURAL UNITS CONTAINING HYDANTOIN RINGS AND HAVING THE GENERAL FORMULA -HN-Y-Hy-Y'-Z-NH-OC-Ar-CO- wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Ar, Z, Y, Y' and Hy have the meaning described in the following specification.

Soluble aromatic copolyamides and threads thereof with a high modulus of elasticity and high tensile strength

In Fortfuhrung fruherer Arbeiten zur Darstellung loslicher, hochtemperaturbestandiger Polyamide wurden neue aromatische Diamine mit 1-Methyl-chinazolindion-, 4-Methyl-benzothiadiazinon-1 1-dioxid-, 1-Methyl-chinazolon-, Benzoxazindion-, Imidazolidon- und Phenoxthin-Ringsystemen dargestellt und mit aromatischen Dicarbonsauredichloriden (z. B. Iso- oder Terephthalsauredichlorid) in polaren Losungsmitteln (z. B. N.N-Dimethyl-acetamid oder N-Methylpyrrolidon) zu hochmolekularen Polyamiden umgesetzt.

Aus solchen Losungen konnten Faden und Fasern hergestellt werden, die zum Teil gute Festigkeiten und hohe Temperaturstabilitaten aufweisen. Auserdem lassen sich die neuen Polyamide aus ihren Losungen auch zu geschmeidigen Filmen verarbeiten, die ebenfalls sehr gute Temperaturstabilitat besitzen.

Gunter Blankenstein

Papers

Über aromatische polyamide mit heterocyclischen ringsystemen

Aromatic polyamides containing the quinazolone ring

Dry-spun modacrylic filaments with improved coloristic properties

Soluble aromatic copolyamides and threads thereof with a high modulus of elasticity and high tensile strength

Aromatische polyamide mit heterocyclischen ringsystemen. II.