Showing papers by "Gyanendra Singh published in 2015"

Enhancing wheat production- A global perspective

Abstract: The world would require around 840 million tonnes of wheat by 2050 from current production level of 642 million tonnes and it has to be achieved with less land and resources through genetic, physiological and agronomic interventions particularly resource conservation technologies. Besides, precision breeding for improving varietal elasticity, new initiatives for climate change monitoring and crop modelling for advance yield forecasts would help in fulfilling future demands. The future strategies to mitigate adverse effects of climatic change, threat of new and emerging diseases, pests and weed flora, including the issue of increased herbicide resistance, deteriorating soil health need to be implemented to enhance genetic yield potential and sustainability. The researchers also need to explore options to increase yield components through photosynthetic capacity and efficiency, introduction of C4 like traits–carbon concentrating mechanism, improving light interception, optimizing spike and canopy photosynthesis in future genotypes. The fast unravelling sequence information under various national and international projects might offer newer opportunities for reinventing wheat as a crop for ensuring food and nutritional security across the globe.

Effect of post anthesis high temperature stress on growth, physiology and antioxidative defense mechanisms in contrasting wheat genotypes

Abstract: An experiment was conducted to study the effect of post anthesis high temperature stress on morpho-physiological characters, antioxidants and yield of four wheat genotypes. Seeds were sown in the field under normal (15th November) and late sown (15th December) condition. High temperature stress caused significant reduction in photosynthetic parameters, relative water content, membrane stability and chlorophyll content in all the genotypes, with variable magnitude. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase increase as a consequence of high temperature conditions. Higher enhancement in activities of antioxidant enzymes under late sown condition was observed in RAJ 4083. There were general reduction in yield and yield contributing parameters but the tolerant genotypes RAJ 4083 and RAJ 4037 maintained higher yield by maintaining relatively higher grain weight and grain number. The effect of high temperature was variable among four wheat genotypes but RAJ 4083 performed the best. It is suggested that heat tolerance of RAJ 4083 could be due to enhanced photosynthetic efficiency, chlorophyll retention, membrane stability and antioxidative defense mechanism under late sown condition. The study also underlines the protective role played by antioxidant enzymes under heat stress and their significance as the basis of the tolerance to high temperature.

Package of Practices Followed by Farmers and its Effect on Wheat Yield in District Kapurthala

Abstract: A survey based study was carried out to observe the effect of different package of practices followed by farmers for wheat cultivation in district Kapurthala. The study revealed that 96 per cent farmers opted for HD 2967 variety of wheat and used seed cum fertilizer drill, zero till drill and broadcasting method of sowing. More than 80 per cent farmers used recommended seed rate of 100 kg/ha whereas plant protection measures such as application of tilt fungicide @500ml/ha and seed treatment was followed by 27 and 15 per cent farmers, respectively. Similarly, adoption of other practices such as application of fertilizers as per soil test report, urea application at the time of sowing and recommended dose of di-ammonium phosphate fertilizer was 2.6, 19.0 and 38.4 per cent, respectively. Due to occurrence of untimely rainfall, a decline in wheat yield up to 36 per cent was recorded as compared to the last year (2013–14).

Socio-demographic profile of cerebral palsy affected patients: an indian scenario -

Abstract: Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of describing existing demographic profile of patients and their families coming to the rehab center for treatment. Method: Parents of total 307 patients were respondents. Result: Out of total 307 children only 30% (92) were females. Most common age of presentation was 2-9 years. 64.2% (197) patients belonged to joint families and maximum 58 % (178) belonged to upper middle class. Only 85% (261) families had toilets inside their houses. It was found that consanguineous marriages was found in both Muslims 47.1% (8) and Hindus 7.8% (22). 10.4% (32) fathers were professionals. Maximum mothers 89.6% (275) were housewives despite of high level of education (graduation or above) in 61% (187). Conclusion: Social issues like gender biasness, family support system and socioeconomic profile affect to a great extent the treatment seeking of these families.

Residual and Induced Birefringence Measurement of ITO-Coated PET Substrate by Photoelastic Method

Abstract: Indium tin oxide (ITO) coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is widely used as the substrate for the flexible electronics and photonic devices and displays. These PET substrates are found to be birefringent due to the residual stress induced during manufacturing process, which may change the optical properties of display devices. In this paper, we report the measurement of the residual and induced birefringence as a function of the bending applied to the PET substrates for red, green, and blue (RGB) wavelengths of laser light. We have used the basic photo elasticity set-up for recording the interference fringes using CCD camera. The recorded interferograms were analyzed from the line profile calculated by the MATLAB program. We found that the change in birefringence for ITO/PET substrate follow the Cauchy's law of dispersion for the different applied curvature, for the RGB wavelengths.

Appraisal of Varieties and Fertilizer Use in Rice at Farmers’ Field in District Kapurthala

Abstract: A survey was conducted to collect the information from the farmers of the district regarding input use and yield of rice varieties obtained during kharif 2014. It was noticed that farmers were growing many varieties of rice including basmati rice and some of the un-recommended varieties. Basmati variety, Pusa Punjab Basmati 1509 and non basmati variety, PR 121 was most popular however, basmati rice variety Punjab Basmati 3 resulted in the maximum gross returns during kharif 2014. Regarding urea application, it was noticed that maximum number of farmers applied urea in the range of 187.5 to 250 kg/ha to the variety Pusa Punjab Basmati 1509 and up to 250 kg/ha in case of Pusa Basmati 1121. Maximum productivity of Pusa Punjab Basmati 1509 was obtained without the application of Di Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) fertilizer, while Pusa Basmati 1121 responded to application of DAP. Non basmati varieties of rice responded positively to urea up to a range of 250 to 312.5 kg/ha.

Effect of developed flux and process parameters on hardness of weld in saw

Abstract: In Submerged Arc Welding process flux always plays a vital role. Cost of flux nearly amounts to 50% of the total cost of the overall welding work and after welding the slag hence formed is totally a waste. The ingredients present in flux effects the chemical as well as mechanical properties of the weld bead without the use of different metal or alloy of desired properties. The slag if can be recycled and some ingredients (metal powder) can be added to it then we on one hand can reduce the cost of the process by recycling the waste slag and on the other hand getting the desired property. In the present research, Surface Response Methodology (RSM) is employed for conducting the experiments and analyzing the effect of process parameters (open circuit voltage, travel speed) and weight percentage of Chromium Carbide into the developed flux on the surface hardness of the weld using submerged arc welding process. A significant change in the surface hardness is been observed with the change of percentage of ingredients and process parameters. Therefore the welding cost and pollution caused by dumping of waste slag can be reduced, without any compromise in weld quality, by utilizing the developed flux, prepared from waste slag with the additional benefit of getting the desired properties as needed.