B6nassy, C., 1955. R6marques sur deux Aphelinid6s: Aphelinus mytilaspidis Le Baron et Aphytis proclia Walker. Annls l~piphyt. 6: 11-17. Lord, F. T. & MacPhee, A. W., 1953. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia II. Oyster shell scale. Can. Ent. 79: 196-209. Pickett, A. D., 1946. A progress report on long term spray programs. Rep. Nova Scotia Fruit Grow. Ass. 83 : 27-31. Pickett, A. D., 1967. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia XIV. Can. Ent. 97: 816-821. Tothill, J. D., 1918. The predacious mite Hemisarcoptes malus Shimer and its relation to the natural control of the oyster shell scale Lepidosaphes ulmi L. Agric. Gaz. Can. 5 : 234-239.

http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF01976688.pdf

Soil enzymes: Kuprevich, V. F. & Shcherbakova, T. A.: Translated from the Russian edition (1966), published by the Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre, New Delhi 1971. 392 pp., offset printing from type script, paper cover. Obtainable from U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va. 22151

Methods of Analysis of Soils, Plants, Waters and Fertilisers

Optimization of organic and bio-organic fertilizers on soil properties and growth of pigeon pea

Relationships between soil parameters and physiological status of Miscanthus x giganteus cultivated on soil contaminated with trace elements under NPK fertilisation vs. microbial inoculation

Impact of balanced fertilization on nutrient acquisition, fibre yield of jute and soil quality in New Gangetic alluvial soils of India

The effect of various fertilizer treatments on jute (Corchorus olitorius) and their residual effect on soil fertility along with the microbial dynamics in jute rhizosphere were studied during 2008-11. Application of recommended dose of fertilizer (100 % NPK) was sufficient for jute fibre yield while nutrient uptake was significantly higher with 150% NPK but at par only with 100% NPK + 10 tonnes FYM/ha when N and P are considered. The population of beneficial microbes and enzymatic activities, viz. dehydrogenase, urease, fluorescein diacetate hydrolyzing activity, acid and alkaline phosphatase in jute rhizosphere after 60 days of sowing were significantly higher with 100% NPK + 10 tonnes FYM/ha over all treatments including 100 and 150% NPK. The soil microbial biomass carbon and basal soil respiration rate in jute rhizosphere followed the same trend as that of enzyme activities. There was build up of residual soil fertility after three years in all the treatments except control and 50% NPK compared to initial status and the application of 100% NPK with 10 tonnes FYM/ha helped in higher residual status of organic carbon, available N, P and K in soil. Integration of recommended dose of fertilizer with 10 tonnes FYM/ha proved to be the best possible option for sustainable jute fibre production and maintenance of soil microbial health and fertility status.

/pdf/effect-of-fertilizer-treatments-on-jute-chorchorus-olitorius-16cfh37j5y.pdf

Effect of fertilizer treatments on jute (Chorchorus olitorius), microbial dynamics in its rhizosphere and residual fertility status of soil

Net profit from raw jute (jute and mesta together are called raw jute) cultivation is very poor owing to its high cost involvement (35–40% of the total cost of cultivation) in conventional manual weeding process. So far only post-emergence grass weed killing herbicides have been found to be successful in jute. After controlling grassy weeds, Cyperus rotundus and other broad-leaved weeds have become menace to these fibre crops which were effectively controlled adopting stale seedbed technique (herbicides applied on established weeds 10 days ahead of sowing jute and mesta) in Bararckpore, West Bengal. In stale seedbed method in jute, (cv ‘JRO-524’), glyphosate 2.46 kg SL/ha and 2,4-D 2 kg/ha in combination, and glyphosate 2.46 kg SL/ha and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 60g/ha in combination followed by one hand weeding were found promising to control mixed weed flora in jute field. After two years’ cycle, these herbicide combinations reduced the Cyperus rotundus population by more than 80% over control and produced a mean of fibre yield of 28 to 3.04 t/ha and a maximum of 4.3 t jute fibre/ha in 2006–08. In mesta (cv. ‘HC-583’), in stale seedbed method, butacholor 0.75 kg/ha and 2, 4-D 2 kg/ha in combination followed by 2-HW produced a mean fibre yield of 2.65 t/ha with a maximum 3.2 t mesta fibre/ha in 2007–08 and kept the mesta field free from weed for a couple of weeks. Pretilachlor (0.5 kg/ha) and paraquat (0.48 kg SL/ha) in combination, when applied 10 days ahead of mesta sowing on established weeds, it controlled mixed weed flora and produced a mean mesta fibre yield of 2.68 t/ha. Quizalofop-ethyl 5% EC 60 g/ha and Dhanuvit 0.5 to 0.6 l/ha at 21 DAE and one hand weeding produced a mean mesta fibre yield of 2.76 t/ha with a maximum of 3.47 t fibre/ha in 2007–08. Except chlorimuron-ethyl, other herbicides did not affect the soil microbial flora in post harvest jute soil. All these methods produced mean fibre yields at par with two manual weedings.

Integrated management of weeds in raw jute

Jute seedlings are very small, delicate and grow slowly during initial 30 days and consequently can not compete with weeds. It caused 40-70% yield loss if not controlled properly. Weeds in jute can be effectively managed by cultural practices like intercrop with Amaranthus or Raphanus spp, manually by hand weeding or wheel hoeing and chemically by application of butachlor, pretilachloras preemergence and quizalofop-ethyl as post-emergence herbicide. These herbicides alone or in combination followed by one hand weeding or hoeing at 35 days after sowing has been found to be very effective and economical to control the weeds in jute field.

http://epubs.icar.org.in/ejournal/index.php/IndFarm/article/download/54160/22828

H. Chowdhury

Papers

Effect of fertilizer treatments on jute (Chorchorus olitorius), microbial dynamics in its rhizosphere and residual fertility status of soil

Integrated management of weeds in raw jute

Technology for weed management in jute