Low-Cost Inorganic Solar Cells: From Ink To Printed Device

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and CdTe heterojunction solar cells grown on rigid (glass) or flexible foil substrates require p-type absorber layers of optimum optoelectronic properties and n-type wide-bandgap partner layers to form the p–n junction. Transparent conducting oxide and specific metal layers are used for front and back electrical contacts. Efficiencies of solar cells depend on various deposition methods as they control the optoelectronic properties of the layers and interfaces. Certain treatments, such as addition of Na in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and CdCl2 treatment of CdTe have a direct influence on the electronic properties of the absorber layers and efficiency of solar cells. Processes for the development of superstrate and substrate solar cells are reviewed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

/pdf/development-of-thin-film-cu-in-ga-se2-and-cdte-solar-cells-4r5koworbi.pdf

Development of thin‐film Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and CdTe solar cells

A High‐Efficiency Solution‐Deposited Thin‐Film Photovoltaic Device

Low cost processing of CIGS thin film solar cells

Polycrystalline thin films of copper indium diselenide and its alloys with gallium and sulphur (CIGS) have proven to be suitable for use as absorbers in high-efficiency solar cells. Record efficiency devices of 20% power conversion efficiency have been produced by co-evaporation of the elements under high vacuum. However, non-vacuum methods for absorber deposition promise significantly lower capital expenditure and reduced materials costs, and have been used to produce devices with efficiencies of up to 14%. Such efficiencies are already high enough for commercial up-scaling to be considered and several companies are now trying to develop products based on non-vacuum deposited CIGS absorbers. This article will review the wide range of non-vacuum techniques that have been used to deposit CIGS thin films, highlighting the state of the art and efforts towards commercialization.

Non‐vacuum methods for formation of Cu(In, Ga)(Se, S)2 thin film photovoltaic absorbers

Composition of CuInS2 thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis

Composition and structure of CuInS2 films prepared by spray pyrolysis

Sprayed CuInS2 thin films for solar cells : The effect of solution composition and post-deposition treatments

http://staff.ttu.ee/~krustok/PDF-s/j_phys_chem_solids-2025.pdf

H. Rebane

Papers

Composition of CuInS2 thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis

Composition and structure of CuInS2 films prepared by spray pyrolysis

Sprayed CuInS2 thin films for solar cells : The effect of solution composition and post-deposition treatments

Electrical properties of sprayed CuInS2 films for solar cells