Normal and abnormal growth of the mandible: A synthesis of longitudinal cephalometric implant studies over a period of 25 years

Extreme obesity associated with alveolar hypoventilation. A Pickwickian syndrome

Removable osseointegrated titanium mini-implants were successfully used as anchorage devices in orthodonticsThe early load is necessary to simplify the mini-implant methodology,but can lead to failure during osseointegrationThe Ti–6Al–4V alloy was used instead of commercially pure Ti due to its superior strengthHowever,the corrosion resistance is low,allowing for metal ion releaseThe purpose of this work was to analyze the immediately loaded mini-implant fixation and to gauge the vanadium ion release during the healing processTitanium alloy mini-implants were inserted in the tibiae of rabbitsAfter 1,4 and 12 weeks,they were submitted to removal torque testingThere was no increase in the removal torque value between 1 and 4 weeks of healing,regardless of the loadNevertheless,after 12 weeks,a significant improvement was observed in both groups,with the highest removal torque value for the unloaded groupThe kidney,liver and lung were also extracted and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometryIn comparison with the control values,the content of vanadium increased slightly after 1 week,significantly increased after 4 weeks and decreased slightly after 12 weeks,without reaching the 1 week valuesA stress analysis was carried out which enables both the prediction of the torque at which commercially pure(CP) Ti and Ti–6Al–4V deform plastically and the shear strength of the interfaceThis analysis reveals that the removal torques for CP Ti dangerously approach the yield stressThe results of this rabbit model study indicate that titanium alloy mini-implants can be loaded immediately with no compromise in their stabilityThe detected concentration of vanadium did not reach toxic levels in the animal model

Titanium alloy mini-implants for orthodontic anchorage: Immediate loading and metal ion release

As the title suggests this book is a guide to all aspects of infection control, attempting to be a student resource, a management administrative guide and a clinical manual. For students there are learning objectives, teaching aids, review questions and online supporting resources. The clinical aspect is aimed at the entire dental team, encompassing information for nurses, dentists, managers and laboratory technicians. This book therefore contains an eclectic mix of information and there is a confusing lack of differentiation in the expected knowledge, understanding and practical implementation for the different groups. However, to make this information simple to navigate it is split into three distinct sections and 25 chapters with a consistent, systematic approach. Much of the data are clearly presented in tables and the book is well indexed. Part one, The Microbial World, explains the rationale behind infection control principles. It contextualises biochemistry and microbiology, subjects notoriously diffi cult for dental students to understand the relevance to their future careers. However, as neither of these subjects are comprehensively covered, this book could be used as supplementary reading rather than a substitute for traditional textbooks. Part two, Infection Control, combines basic concepts of infection control with specifi c step-by-step procedural guidelines. As an American textbook the regulations described in detail and used as a basis for the recommended procedures are not of great relevance in British dental practice. Many of the laws and regulations which govern our practice are directly contradicted by the guidelines laid out in this text, including important differences in waste management, immunisation and instrument processing and storage. However, the sections on personal protection and aseptic techniques are directly applicable and could form a sound basis for construction and implementation of best practice local policies. Part three, Offi ce Safety, covers administrative aspects of infection control with practical guides to developing comprehensive ‘hazard communications’ and compiling thorough protocols. It contains thought-provoking chapters covering subjects such as greener infection control and medical tourism. However, this section also covers ‘infection control overkill’ which states that many of the HTM 01-051 recommended practices are ‘overkill’. These criticisms include routinely cleaning and disinfecting surfaces after removal of surface covers and routinely disinfecting instruments before sterilisation. Overall this is an interesting and well written text, however, as it is based on American regulations it is of limited value as a reference for British dental teams. C. Ola

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Sleep medicine for dentists: a practical overview

One of the main objectives of orthodontic treatment is to achieve an esthetic smile. This study set out to analyze differences in the perception of smile esthetics among patients before and after receiving orthodontic treatment. 250 Spanish patients analyzed a single photograph in which, by means of computer software, midline diastema, black triangle, gingival margin of the left central incisor, and gingival ("gummy") smile were altered. Each patient analyzed these images before and after undergoing orthodontic treatment. Patients scored the photographs on a scale from 1 to 10. Statistical analyses of each group's level of perception were carried out, identifying significant differences in evaluations before and after treatment, and in relation to subjects' gender and age. Patients presented significant differences in the esthetic perception of midline diastema and gummy smile anomalies after they had completed orthodontic treatment. Gender influenced the perception of smile esthetics, whereby women were significantly more critical of midline diastema, black triangle and gingival margin of the upper central incisor than men. The age variable also showed significant differences in the perception of midline diastema and black triangle anomalies. The perception of smile esthetics of some dental anomalies changes as a result of orthodontic treatment. Gender influences the perception of some of the dental anomalies studied.

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Relationship between perception of smile esthetics and orthodontic treatment in Spanish patients.

The aim of this paper is to bring into focus the literature on the choice of the mandibular reference position in orthodontic treatment; of a particular reference to this paper is intercuspal position, centric relation position, or therapeutic position. To give a comprehensive account of the literature review on craniomandibular disorders (CMD), we have relied on books and articles using both Google Scholar and PubMed. Selection criteria included a combination of Mesh and type of article. Article classification was made by two authors, using the following structure outline: prevalence of craniomandibular disorders, its etiology and pathophysiology, occlusion and craniomandibular disorders, orthodontic treatment and CMD, and the mandibular reference position in orthodontics. An important conclusion that emerged from the present literature review is that CMD do not seem to be directly related to orthodontic treatment, and their appearance cannot be predicted or prevented by any means. Therefore, orthodontists must adopt a mandibular reference suitable to their patients and which best respects the balance existing in the stomatognathic system.

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Hakima Aghoutan

Papers

Craniomandibular Disorders and Mandibular Reference Position in Orthodontic Treatment

Perception of altered smile esthetics among Moroccan professionals and lay people

Orthodontic Considerations in Obstructive Sleep Apnea— State of the Art

White Spots Lesions in Orthodontic Treatment and Fluoride — Clinical Evidence

Impacted First and Second Permanent Molars: Overview