The state of desalination and brine production: A global outlook.

Recovery and recycling of lithium: A review

State of the art and review on the treatment technologies of water reverse osmosis concentrates.

Advance review on the exploitation of the prominent energy-storage element: Lithium. Part I: From mineral and brine resources

http://www.info.univ-angers.fr/~gh/Tools/gap/Desalination2013.pdf

Study on lithium separation from salt lake brines by nanofiltration (NF) and low pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO)

Contribution to the lithium recovery from brine

Nanofibrillated cellulose from eucalyptus pulp, produced by high-pressure homogenization, was used as cement partial replacement for cement paste at a content ranging from 0% to 0.5% by weight of cement. The effect of the content of nanofibrillated cellulose on porosity, thermal properties, compressive strength and degree of cement hydration was investigated. Results have shown an improvement in the compressive strength by more than 50% with 0.3 wt% of added nanofibrillated cellulose. The porosity was reduced by nanofibrillated cellulose addition, and the greatest result was achieved with mixture incorporating 0.3 wt% nanofibrillated cellulose. The coefficient of thermal expansion and the thermal conductivity measurements, relative to nanofibrillated cellulose-reinforced cement pastes, have pointed out the reinforcement effectiveness of nanofibrillated cellulose. The degree of cement hydration has increased with nanofibrillated cellulose content. This trend was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Fourier T...

Nanofibrillated cellulose as nanoreinforcement in Portland cement: Thermal, mechanical and microstructural properties:

In this work we try to study the feasibility of salt production from a reject brine coming from a desalination plant in Skhira in the south of Tunisia, This plant treats 22,008 m3/day of raw water to produce 9984 m3 of fresh water and 12,024 m3 of rejected water and has the advantages of being environmentally friendly and producing commercial products in crystalline, slurry, and liquid forms. The process involves an application of the solubility diagrams in order to valorize the reject brines. These solutions are considered as strongly concentrated brines and containing several elements such as: Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, and SO42−. This observation leads us to consider the complete hexary system Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+/Cl−, SO42−//H2O which includes four quinary systems. A number of physico-chemical analyses were employed (Potentiometry, complexometry, gravimetry, XRD, and SEM). At the end of an isothermal and isobaric evaporation of the reject brine, we could recover various salts (NaCl, KCl, CaSO4·2H2O, MgSO4·7H2O…) very useful for industry and agriculture.

Reuse of RO Desalination Plant Reject Brine

Lithium recovery from natural brine incontestably requires the optimization of the parameters which influence such a process This process consists of trapping lithium ions by a gel of aluminum hydroxide prepared under the action of a strong base Studied parameters are molar ratio [Al]/[Li], stirring time, reaction temperature and apparent pH A systematic study was carried out varying only one parameter at a time This procedure makes it possible to fix the studied parameters in order to recover maximum Li+ This work is done first on synthetic brines, and then it was considered convenient to check the obtained result using natural brine and an equivalent synthetic brine Some differences related to lithium yield are established between the two considered brines This is due in our opinion to the impurities contained in the natural brine, especially magnesium and boron

Operating Conditions for Lithium Recovery from Natural Brines

The influence of different parameters on magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) was investigated in this study. The use of experimental design was found to be very beneficial for determining suitable experimental conditions to obtain a better composition of cement. The studied factors used to model and optimise the operating parameters were stirring speed, mixing time, mass ratio of magnesium chloride/magnesium oxide, silica glass powder (SGP) percentage and SGP particle size. The considered responses were compressive strength and setting time. The phase compositions of MOC were evaluated by x-ray diffractograms, the morphological properties were examined by means of scanning electron microscopy and phase decomposition was analysed using differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric analysis. It was found that the use of SGP can enhance the water resistance of MOC by the formation of forsterite, which can limit the decomposition of phase 5 and prevent the formation of brucite in water.

Halim Hammi

Papers

Contribution to the lithium recovery from brine

Nanofibrillated cellulose as nanoreinforcement in Portland cement: Thermal, mechanical and microstructural properties:

Reuse of RO Desalination Plant Reject Brine

Operating Conditions for Lithium Recovery from Natural Brines

Optimisation of magnesium oxychloride cement properties by silica glass