In situ bioremediation of monoaromatic pollutants in groundwater : A review

Matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD).

Social immunity, which describes how individual behaviors of group members effectively reduce disease and parasite transmission at the colony level, is an emerging field in social insect biology. An understudied, but significant behavioral disease resistance mechanism in honey bees is their collection and use of plant resins. Honey bees harvest resins with antimicrobial properties from various plant species and bring them back to the colony where they are then mixed with varying amounts of wax and utilized as propolis. Propolis is an apicultural term for the resins when used by bees within a hive. While numerous studies have investigated the chemical components of propolis that could be used to treat human diseases, there is a lack of information on the importance of propolis in regards to bee health. This review serves to provide a compilation of recent research concerning the behavior of bees in relation to resins and propolis, focusing more on the bees themselves and the potential evolutionary benefits of resin collection. Future research goals are also established in order to create a new focus within the literature on the natural history of resin use among the social insects and role that propolis plays in disease resistance.

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Propolis and bee health: the natural history and significance of resin use by honey bees

In oil and gas industry, produced water is considered as the largest waste stream, which contains relatively higher concentration of hydrocarbons, heavy metals and other pollutants. Due to the increase in industrial activities, the generation of produced water has increased all over the world and its treatment for reuse is now important from environmental perspective. Treatment of produced water can be done through various methods including physical (membrane filtration, adsorption etc.), chemical (precipitation, oxidation), and biological (activated sludge, biological aerated filters and others) methods. This paper aims to highlight characteristics of produced water in detail and physical, chemical, and biological techniques used for its treatment. In addition, reuse of produced water for different purposes has been discussed. At the end, few case studies from different countries, related to the treatment and reuse of their produced waters have been included.

Produced water characteristics, treatment and reuse: A review

Die Societe Francaise de Chimie, die Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker und der Springer-Verlag haben die Zeitschrift „Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry” gegrundet.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

Some applications of a home-made SFE (Supercritical Fluid Extraction) system in the analysis of pesticides residues and essential oils in food are reported. Several studies with modification of the parameters: temperature, pressure, choice and concentration of modifiers were developed. The results of pesticides residue analysis are presented for passion fruits (organophosphorus and pyrethroids pesticides), honey (organochroline pesticides) and oranges (essential oils).

Novas aplicações de sistemas sfe "home-made".: iv. qualidade dos alimentos

Desenvolveu-se metodologia analitica por dispersaoda matriz em fase solida (DMFS) para analisarDiazinon, Propanil, Malation, Cipermetrina eDeltametrina em amostras de feijao, testando-se ometodo em amostras comerciais. Amostras de feijaoforam trituradas em moinho de facas e uma subamostrade 5 g foi homogeneizada com 1 g dealumina neutra. O conteudo da mistura foi transferidopara coluna DMFS e acetato de etila foi usado paraeluicao. O extrato final foi analisado em cromatografoa gas/espectrometro de massa (CG/EM). Amostrasfortificadas entre 0,5 e 4,0 mg.kg-1 apresentaramvalores de recuperacao (n=3) entre 72,7% e 102,1%e media da estimativa do desvio-padrao entre 29,4%e 44,7%. Os limites de deteccao (LD) variaram entre0,002 a 0,2 mg.kg-1 para os pesticidas estudados,portanto abaixo dos limites maximos de residuos(LMR) permitidos pelo Codex Alimentarius. Naanalise das amostras comerciais de feijao foramencontrados os pesticidas Diazinon, Propanil eDeltametrina em concentracoes acima LMR. Ometodo mostrou-se apropriado para pequenasquantidades de amostra, rapido e simples, compoucas etapas na preparacao de amostra e poucoconsumo de solvente orgânico. DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDES IN BEANS BY MATRIX SOLID PHASE DISPERSION (MSPD) Abstract An analytical methodology based on matrix solid phase disperson (MSPD) was developed to analyse Diazinon, Propanil,Malathion, Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin in beans samples, by testing the method in commercial samples. Beans sampleswere triturated in knives mill and one sub-sample of 5 g was homogeneized with 1 g of neutral alumine. The mixturecontent was transferred to MSPD column and ethyl acetate was used for elution. The final extract was analysed by gaschromatograph/mass spectromethers (CG/MS). Fortified samples between 0.5 to 4 mg.kg-1 showed recuperation values(n=3) between 72.7% and 102.1% and the standard deviation estimative average between 29.4% and 44.7%. Thedetection limits varied between 0.002 to 0.2 mg.kg-1 for the studied pesticides, though below the maximum limits ofresidues (MLR) permitted by Codex Alimentarius. In commercial beans samples analysis the pesticides Diazinon, Propanil,Malathion, Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin were found in concentration above the MLR. The methods was appropriated forsmall sample quantities, fast and simple, with few stages in sample preparation and low use of organic solvents.

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Determinação de pesticidas em feijão por dispersão da matriz em fase sólida (dmfs)

In this work, the organic compounds of cigar samples from different brands were analyzed. The compound extraction was made using the matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) technique, followed by gas chromatography and identification by mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and standards, when available. Thirty eight organic compounds were found in seven different brands. Finally, with the objective of characterizing and discriminating the cigar samples, multivariate statistical analyses were applied to data, e.g.; principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). With such analyses, it was possible to discriminate three main groups of three quality levels.

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Aplicação de métodos quimiométricos na caracterização de charutos utilizando extração por dispersão da matriz em fase sólida e análise por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas

Haroldo Silveira Dórea

Papers

Novas aplicações de sistemas sfe "home-made".: iv. qualidade dos alimentos

Determinação de pesticidas em feijão por dispersão da matriz em fase sólida (dmfs)

Aplicação de métodos quimiométricos na caracterização de charutos utilizando extração por dispersão da matriz em fase sólida e análise por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas