Background
The purpose of the present investigation was to determine if the salivary counts of 40 common oral bacteria in subjects with an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) lesion would differ from those found in cancer-free (OSCC-free) controls.

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The salivary microbiota as a diagnostic indicator of oral cancer: A descriptive, non-randomized study of cancer-free and oral squamous cell carcinoma subjects

Objective:To systematically review and summarize the evidence of an association between preoperative smoking status and postoperative complications elaborated on complication type.Background:The conclusions of studies examining the association between preoperative smoking and postoperative complicat

Preoperative smoking status and postoperative complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Bacterial infections have been linked to malignancies due to their ability to induce chronic inflammation. We investigated the association of oral bacteria in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC/tumor) tissues and compared with adjacent non-tumor mucosa sampled 5 cm distant from the same patient (n = 10). By using culture-independent 16S rRNA approaches, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and cloning and sequencing, we assessed the total bacterial diversity in these clinical samples. DGGE fingerprints showed variations in the band intensity profiles within non-tumor and tumor tissues of the same patient and among the two groups. The clonal analysis indicated that from a total of 1200 sequences characterized, 80 bacterial species/phylotypes were detected representing six phyla, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria and uncultivated TM7 in non-tumor and tumor libraries. In combined library, 12 classes, 16 order, 26 families and 40 genera were observed. Bacterial species, Streptococcus sp. oral taxon 058, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus gordonii, Gemella haemolysans, Gemella morbillorum, Johnsonella ignava and Streptococcus parasanguinis I were highly associated with tumor site where as Granulicatella adiacens was prevalent at non-tumor site. Streptococcus intermedius was present in 70% of both non-tumor and tumor sites. The underlying changes in the bacterial diversity in the oral mucosal tissues from non-tumor and tumor sites of OSCC subjects indicated a shift in bacterial colonization. These most prevalent or unique bacterial species/phylotypes present in tumor tissues may be associated with OSCC and needs to be further investigated with a larger sample size.

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Comparison of oral microbiota in tumor and non-tumor tissues of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

Aim:
The aim of this study was to investigate the robustness of the observations on the influence of oral hygiene, gingival and periodontal status on the development of bacteraemia from everyday oral activities (B-EOA), analysing its prevalence, duration, magnitude and bacterial diversity.

Material and Methods:
This systematic review/meta-analysis complies with PRISMA reporting guidelines. MEDLINE-PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Embase were explored for detecting studies on B-EOA.

Results:
There were 290 potentially eligible articles, of which 12 article on B-EOA fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were processed for data extraction (seven on toothbrushing, one on dental flossing and four on chewing). Evaluating the influence of plaque and gingival indices on the prevalence of bacteraemia following toothbrushing, the pooled odds ratios were 2.61 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.45–4.69] and 2.77 (95% CI = 1.50–5.11), respectively. None of five studies on bacteraemia following dental flossing and chewing revealed a statistically significant association between oral hygiene, gingival or periodontal status and the development of bacteraemia.

Conclusions:
Meta-analysis showed that plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation scores significantly increased the prevalence of bacteraemia following toothbrushing. However, systematic review showed no relationship between oral hygiene, gingival and periodontal status and the development of B-chewing, and there is no evidence that gingival and periodontal health status affects B-flossing.

Periodontal health status and bacteraemia from daily oral activities: systematic review/meta-analysis.

Severe odontogenic infections, part 1: prospective report.

Analysis of risk factors for surgical-site infections in 276 oral cancer surgeries with microvascular free-flap reconstructions at a single university hospital

Objective. Acute purulent mediastinitis caused by oropharyngeal infection is termed descending necrotizing mediastinitis . Such infections usually have a fulminate course, leading to sepsis and frequently to death. The purpose of this study is to show the importance of early diagnosis, aggressive surgical intervention, and optimal antibiotics chemotherapy in controlling this fatal infectious disease. Study design. Two patients with descending necrotizing mediastinitis due to odontogenic infection who were treated at our institution are described. Results. Both patients survived. Conclusions. From the patients, 23 different aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were isolated. All of the isolates were susceptible to carbapenem. Early evaluation by means of cervicothoracic computed tomography scanning was extremely useful for diagnosis and surgical planning. Knowledge of anatomic pathways from the mouth to the mediastinum is essential. We believe that tracheostomy is not always necessary. In both of the cases presented, mediastinal drainage was completed through use of a transcervical approach. However, a more aggressive drainage including tracheostomy might be necessary when the infection extends below the carina. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000;89:412-9)

Descending necrotizing mediastinitis due to odontogenic infections

Isolation of bacteria from cervical lymph nodes in patients with oral cancer.

Malignant variants of ameloblastoma include metastasizing ameloblastoma, which microscopically appears benign but has metastasized and ameloblastic carcinoma that exhibits malignant histopathologic features. Ameloblastic carcinoma is classified into 2 types: a primary odontogenic malignancy and a secondary type resulting from malignant transformation of ameloblastoma. Most secondary ameloblastic carcinomas result from malignant transformation of a primary lesion after repeated postsurgical recurrences. Therefore it is rare to find an untreated secondary type presenting with histologic features of malignant transformation from an earlier benign lesion. We experienced a rare case of ameloblastic carcinoma, secondary type which might arise in an untreated ameloblastoma. The mechanism by which a preexisting benign ameloblastoma goes through a malignant transformation is also described.

Haruo Sakamoto

Papers

Analysis of risk factors for surgical-site infections in 276 oral cancer surgeries with microvascular free-flap reconstructions at a single university hospital

Descending necrotizing mediastinitis due to odontogenic infections

Isolation of bacteria from cervical lymph nodes in patients with oral cancer.

Ameloblastic carcinoma, secondary type: a case report.

Premedication with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor meloxicam reduced postoperative pain in patients after oral surgery