Healthcare is one of the most promising domains for the application of Internet of Things- (IoT-) based technologies, where patients can use wearable or implanted medical sensors to measure medical parameters anywhere and anytime. The information collected by IoT devices can then be sent to the health care professionals, and physicians allow having a real-time access to patients' data. However, besides limited batteries lifetime and computational power, there is spatio-temporal correlation, where unnecessary transmission of these redundant data has a significant impact on reducing energy consumption and reducing battery lifetime. Thus, this paper aims to propose a routing protocol to enhance energy-efficiency, which in turn prolongs the sensor lifetime. The proposed work is based on Energy Efficient Routing Protocol using Dual Prediction Model (EERP-DPM) for Healthcare using IoT, where Dual-Prediction Mechanism is used to reduce data transmission between sensor nodes and medical server if predictions match the readings or if the data are considered critical if it goes beyond the upper/lower limits of defined thresholds. The proposed system was developed and tested using MATLAB software and a hardware platform called "MySignals HW V2." Both simulation and experimental results confirm that the proposed EERP-DPM protocol has been observed to be extremely successful compared to other existing routing protocols not only in terms of energy consumption and network lifetime but also in terms of guaranteeing reliability, throughput, and end-to-end delay.

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EERP-DPM: Energy Efficient Routing Protocol Using Dual Prediction Model for Healthcare Using IoT.

In this paper, we have reviewed and presented a critical overview of “energy-efficient and reliable routing solutions” in the field of wireless body area networks (WBANs). In addition, we have theoretically analysed the importance of energy efficiency and reliability and how it affects the stability and lifetime of WBANs. WBAN is a type of wireless sensor network (WSN) that is unique, wherever energy-efficient operations are one of the prime challenges, because each sensor node operates on battery, and where an excessive amount of communication consumes more energy than perceiving. Moreover, timely and reliable data delivery is essential in all WBAN applications. Moreover, the most frequent types of energy-efficient routing protocols include crosslayer, thermal-aware, cluster-based, quality-of-service, and postural movement-based routing protocols. According to the literature review, clustering-based routing algorithms are the best choice for WBAhinwidth, and low memory WBAN, in terms of more computational overhead and complexity. Thus, the routing techniques used in WBAN should be capable of energy-efficient communication at desired reliability to ensure the improved stability period and network lifetime. Therefore, we have highlighted and critically analysed various performance issues of the existing “energy-efficient and reliable routing solutions” for WBANs. Furthermore, we identified and compiled a tabular representation of the reviewed solutions based on the most appropriate strategy and performance parameters for WBAN. Finally, concerning to reliability and energy efficiency in WBANs, we outlined a number of issues and challenges that needs further consideration while devising new solutions for clustered-based WBANs.

https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2022/1090131.pdf

Energy Efficiency and Reliability Considerations in Wireless Body Area Networks: A Survey

Edge device based efficient data collection in smart health monitoring system using wireless body area network

The development of computer technology paves the way for transferring conventional monitoring system into digital monitoring. Considering this idea, the concept of WBAN is designed based on the function of the wireless network. The significant challenges faced in WBAN is energy consumption and reliability. Various scholars had conducted numerous investigations for designing routing protocols that fulfil essential requirements such as resource constraint and reliability enhancement. However, the existing routing approaches are unable to satisfy this vital requirement. For solving these constraints, the proposed routing system is designed. The proposed routing scheme is developed based on relay node selection. Two criteria are considered significant for choosing the relay node. The first criterion is the distance estimated based on RSSI, whereas the second criterion is the direction estimated based on the MUSIC algorithm. These two parameters are given as input for generating the fuzzy rule to choose the relay node for data transmission. The performance of the proposed routing scheme is tested in the NS2 simulator, and the results are compared with the existing routing technique. The functioning of the proposed routing system outperforms the existing routing system.

Haseeb Ur Rehman

Papers

An Energy Efficient and Reliable Routing Scheme to enhance the stability period in Wireless Body Area Networks

Survivability Analysis of MANET Routing Protocols under DOS Attacks