There is an increasing demand for dynamic systems to become safer and more reliable This requirement extends beyond the normally accepted safety-critical systems such as nuclear reactors and aircraft, where safety is of paramount importance, to systems such as autonomous vehicles and process control systems where the system availability is vital It is clear that fault diagnosis is becoming an important subject in modern control theory and practice Robust Model-Based Fault Diagnosis for Dynamic Systems presents the subject of model-based fault diagnosis in a unified framework It contains many important topics and methods; however, total coverage and completeness is not the primary concern The book focuses on fundamental issues such as basic definitions, residual generation methods and the importance of robustness in model-based fault diagnosis approaches In this book, fault diagnosis concepts and methods are illustrated by either simple academic examples or practical applications The first two chapters are of tutorial value and provide a starting point for newcomers to this field The rest of the book presents the state of the art in model-based fault diagnosis by discussing many important robust approaches and their applications This will certainly appeal to experts in this field Robust Model-Based Fault Diagnosis for Dynamic Systems targets both newcomers who want to get into this subject, and experts who are concerned with fundamental issues and are also looking for inspiration for future research The book is useful for both researchers in academia and professional engineers in industry because both theory and applications are discussed Although this is a research monograph, it will be an important text for postgraduate research students world-wide The largest market, however, will be academics, libraries and practicing engineers and scientists throughout the world

Robust Model-Based Fault Diagnosis for Dynamic Systems

An observer for nonlinear systems is constructed under rather general technical assumptions (the fact that some functions are globally Lipschitz). This observer works either for autonomous systems or for nonlinear systems that are observable for any input. A tentative application to biological systems is described. >

A simple observer for nonlinear systems applications to bioreactors

Thermophysical Properties Research Literature Retrieval Guide Edited by Y. S. Touloukian, J. K. Gerritsen and N. Y. Moore Second edition, revised and expanded. Book 1: Pp. xxi + 819. Book 2: Pp.621. Book 3: Pp. ix + 1315. (New York: Plenum Press, 1967.) n.p.

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Heat and Mass Transfer

This paper provides a survey of modern nonlinear filtering methods for attitude estimation. Early applications relied mostly on the extended Kalman filter for attitude estimation. Since these applications, several new approaches have been developed that have proven to be superior to the extended Kalman filter. Several of these approaches maintain the basic structure of the extended Kalman filter, but employ various modifications in order to provide better convergence or improve other performance characteristics. Examples of such approaches include: filter QUEST, extended QUEST and the backwards-smoothing extended Kalman filter. Filters that propagate and update a discrete set of sigma points rather than using linearized equations for the mean and covariance are also reviewed. A twostep approach is discussed with a first-step state that linearizes the measurement model and an iterative second step to recover the desired attitude states. These approaches are all based on the Gaussian assumption that the probability density function is adequately specified by its mean and covariance. Other approaches that do not require this assumption are reviewed, Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering. Email: johnc@eng.buffalo.edu. Associate Fellow AIAA. Aerospace Engineer, Guidance, Navigation and Control Systems Engineering Branch. Email: Landis.Markley@nasa.gov. Fellow AIAA. Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering. Email: cheng3@eng.buffalo.edu. Member AIAA.

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Survey of nonlinear attitude estimation methods

We present a differential geometric approach to the problem of fault detection and isolation for nonlinear systems. A necessary condition for the problem to be solvable is derived in terms of an unobservability distribution, which is computable by means of suitable algorithms. The existence and regularity of such a distribution implies the existence of changes of coordinates in the state and in the output space which induce an "observable" quotient subsystem unaffected by all fault signals but one. For this subsystem, a fault detection filter is designed.

A geometric approach to nonlinear fault detection and isolation

On the existence of unknown input observers for state affine systems up to output injection

The paper presents the development of a test bench for the investigation of faults in a power drive. Firstly, the presentation is made for different components in an induction machine drive. Secondly, since the machine parameters are controlled by PWM signals via IGBT converter, a PWM generator is built in order to control the machine and create different types of faults related to the drive of the converter. Subsequently, simulation and experiment are carried out for two typical faults of the converter: intermittent gate-misfiring fault and open-circuit fault. Finally, since the machine speed is usually required for the calculation of characteristic frequencies of most faults in the induction machine, it is estimated on the basis of the slot frequency component in the spectral of stator current and total input power. The obtained results are the evidence to show that the test bench is appropriately usable for the investigation of not only the normal operation but efficiently for the fault exploration.

Design of power drive dedicated to the investigation of faultsView Document32FullDesign of power drive dedicated to the investigation of faults

This paper proposes a trajectory planning and tracking approach for cylindrical heat exchanger process that is considered, under some assumptions, as a bilinear system. The proposed technique is based on orthogonal functions and especially the use of operational integration and product matrices. These operational tools allow the conversion of a bilinear differential state equation into an algebraic one depending on initial and final conditions. Arranging and solving the obtained algebraic equation lead to an open loop control law that allows the planning of a system trajectory. The parameters setting of the tracking state feedback closed loop control is yielded by considering a reference model characterizing the desired performances. A high gain observer is associated to heat exchanger process in the planning trajectory step and tracking one. A planned open loop control and a state feedback control that ensures tracking of reference trajectory were applied to the system exchanger associated to observer which is subject to noise and disturbance.

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Cylindrical heat exchanger trajectory planning and tracking using orthogonal functions

In this paper, a bilinear model for the DC-DC (Boost and Buck/Boost) power converters is proposed. Based on this model, a full order bilinear observer is given. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed observer a simulations using Matlab/simulink are carried out.

Unknown inputs observer for energy management in an electric traction system

The paper introduces a design of a nonlinear observer for the estimation of load torque of induction motors based on the output of the stator currents. The observer is built in the synchronous reference frame d-q with three main steps. First, the nonlinear observer for the class of non-affine control systems is reviewed. Second, the induction motor model is written in an appropriate form as a non-affine control system with canonical form for the design of the nonlinear observer. The system state is composed of the stator currents, speed and load torque. Based on the stator currents, the rotor flux leakages are estimated via an open loop and used for the load torque observer. The observer is designed with a constant gain which is calculated by considering the trajectory of the rotor flux leakages. Both the load torque and rotor speed can be estimated by using the proposed observer.
Finally, simulation and experiment are carried to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed observer.

Hassan Hammouri

Papers

On the existence of unknown input observers for state affine systems up to output injection

Design of power drive dedicated to the investigation of faultsView Document32FullDesign of power drive dedicated to the investigation of faults

Cylindrical heat exchanger trajectory planning and tracking using orthogonal functions

Unknown inputs observer for energy management in an electric traction system

Nonlinear Observer Design for Load Torque Estimation of Induction Motors