Showing papers by "Hatsuo Ishida published in 2006"
TL;DR: Using difunctional phenolic and amine compounds, a new polymer with benzoxazine groups in the main chain was synthesized through the Mannich reaction of a phenol, formaldehyde, and an amine.
201 citations
TL;DR: A series of linear aliphatic diamine-based benzoxazine monomers has been polymerized into transpar- ent, crosslinked specimens that are free of voids and have good mechanical integrity as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A series of linear aliphatic diamine-based benzoxazine monomers has been polymerized into transpar- ent, crosslinked specimens that are free of voids and have good mechanical integrity. The density of these polybenzo- xazines is measured as a function of the amine chain length. Dynamic mechanical analysis of these linear aliphatic poly- benzoxazines shows two, chain length dependent transi- tions. Properties, such as room temperature modulus, glass transition temperature, crosslink density, thermal degrada- tion temperature, and char yield, of the polybenzoxazines are investigated as a function of the chain length. All these properties exhibit strong dependence on the chain length. These aliphatic amine-based polybenzoxazines are found to be much more flexible than the bisphenol-type polybenzox- azines. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2798 -2809, 2006
147 citations
TL;DR: In this article, three phosphorus-containing bisphenol compounds, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenylphosphine oxide (BHPPO), bis(3-4-oxyphenoxyphenyl phosphine dioxide (BPPPO), and bis(2-3-oxyphosphinoxyphane dioxide (BPO2)) have been synthesized as starting materials for the synthesis of benzoxazine monomers.
82 citations
TL;DR: A maleimide and 2-aminobenzonitrile (MIan) based benzoxazine has been synthesized and characterized in this paper, which can polymerize, resulting in a highly crosslinked material.
Abstract: A maleimide and 2-aminobenzonitrile (MIan) based benzoxazine has been synthesized and characterized. This benzoxazine has maleimide and nitrile functionalities that can polymerize, resulting in a highly crosslinked material. Incorporation of the imide group increases the shear viscosity compared to monofunctional benzoxazines but not as high as difunctional benzoxazines, allowing good processibility, while maintaining excellent mechanical and thermal properties. Catalysts, epoxy copolymerization, and rubber interlayer methods are utilized to optimize the composite properties. The 60% carbon cloth-reinforced resin has achieved the flexural strength over 1 GPa. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 548–558, 2006
81 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the incorporation of various transition metal salts increases the char formation of polybenzoxazines, and the effect of the transition metal salt is not simply additive and is independent of the amine and phenol structures.
68 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a maleimide-functionalized benzox-azine is co-polymerized with epoxy to improve toughness and procesibility without compromising the thermal properties.
Abstract: Maleimide-functionalized benzoxazine is co-polymerized with epoxy to improve toughness and proces-sibility without compromising the thermal properties. Theincorporation of maleimide functionality into the benzox-azine monomer results in a high performance polymer. Allthree possible polymerization reactions are confirmed usingFourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. While ma-leimide-functionalized benzoxazine has a glass transitiontemperature, T g , of 252°C, a further 25°C increase of T g isobserved when copolymerized with epoxy. The flexuralproperties are also measured, and the copolymers exhibit aflexural modulus of 4.2–5.0 GPa. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1670–1677, 2006 Key words: benzoxazine-epoxy copolymer; dynamic me-chanical analysis; FT-IR; high performance polymer; poly-benzoxazine INTRODUCTION In the past few decades, various high performancepolymers have been developed to withstand severethermal and/or chemical environments for applica-tions in aerospace and electronic industries. However,high performance polymers face processing difficul-ties due to their high melting points, high viscosity,and low solubility in organic solvents.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to study the hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTBD) rubber-modified polybenzoxazine resin.
Abstract: Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is employed to study the hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTBD) rubber-modified polybenzoxazine resin. The morphology exhibits a submicron phase separation when HTBD with low epoxy contents are used. No distinguishable phase sep- aration appears in the blend modified with high epoxy content HTBD. The rubber and resin phases are identified by the change of nanoscale indentation as a function of external load imposed on the cantilever. The existence of an inter- phase between the glassy matrix and the rubbery domain is shown by comparing the pulling distances from force- dis- tance (F- d) curve measurements. The extent of rubber cav- itation is investigated by the particle analysis on the fracture surface and is found to increase with the particle diameter. The amount of dissolved rubber, estimated by the Fox equa- tion, increases with the rubber reactivity, and the data cor- roborates well with the observed morphology. © 2006 Wiley
23 citations
Patent•
25 Sep 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, a thermosetting resin having a dihydrobenzoxazine ring structure represented by the general formula (I) below in the main chain is described.
Abstract: Disclosed is a thermosetting resin which is excellent in dielectric characteristics and heat resistance. Also disclosed are a thermosetting composition containing such a thermosetting resin, and a molded body and a substrate material for electronic devices obtained from such a thermosetting resin. Specifically disclosed is a thermosetting resin having a dihydrobenzoxazine ring structure represented by the general formula (I) below in the main chain. Also specifically disclosed are a thermosetting composition containing such a thermosetting resin, and a molded body and a substrate material for electronic devices obtained from such a thermosetting resin. [Chemical formula 1] (I) (In the formula (I), Ar1 represents a tetravalent aromatic group, R1 represents a hydrocarbon group having a fused alicyclic structure, and n represents an integer of 2-500.)
20 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the surface properties of poly(vinyl methylether) (PVME) homopolymer and blend films by atomic force microscopy (AFM) with the film thickness ranging from 5nm to 400nm.
12 citations
Patent•
03 Aug 2006
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provided a molding of a thermosetting compound consisting of any dihydrobenzoxazine compounds of the formula: (2) wherein each of R6 to R13 is a hydrogen atom, alkyl, etc., and R14 is a divalent saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group with condensed ring structure.
Abstract: A thermosetting compound improved in dielectric properties, especially dielectric constant and dielectric loss, over those of the prior art; a composition containing the same; and a molding thereof. There is provided a thermosetting compound consisting of any of dihydrobenzoxazine compounds of the formula: (2) wherein each of R6 to R13 is a hydrogen atom, alkyl, etc., and R14 is a divalent saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group with condensed ring structure.
3 citations
15 Aug 2006
TL;DR: In this article, the Laplace Transform Technique was used for depth profiling and the exact optical theory technique was used to calculate the optical properties of light and medium in a depth profile.
Abstract: The sections in this article are
Introduction
Interaction between Light and Medium
Depth Profiling Via the Laplace Transform Technique
Depth Profiling: The Exact Optical Theory Technique
Depth Profiling Via Multiple-Angle Approach
Depth Profiling Via Multiple-Frequency Approach
Comparison Among Depth Profiling Techniques
Conclusions
TL;DR: In this article, the interfacial adhesion of blend of isotactic polypropylene/poly(vinyl methylether) (i-PP/PVME) has been improved by the addition of poly(propylene-g-acrylic acid) (PP-g)-AA) as a compatibilizing agent.
Abstract: The interfacial adhesion of blend of isotactic polypropylene/poly(vinyl methylether) (i-PP/PVME) has been improved by the addition of poly(propylene-g-acrylic acid) (PP-g-AA) as a compatibilizing agent. The phase mor- phologies of the blends are investigated by optical micros- copy (OM) and lateral force microscopy (LFM). The i-PP/ PVME (80/20) blend with no addition of PP-g-AA from extrusion process shows a coarse morphology with the dis- persed domain size as large as several micrometers; After the addition of 2.5% PP-g-AA in the blends, the dispersed PVME domain size decreases greatly. The addition of 5% PP-g-AA results in a homogeneous morphology. The blend- ing of PP-g-AA with PVME reduces the crystallization tem- perature of PP-g-AA, which is different from that of blend- ing i-PP with PVME. The increase of the interfacial adhesion is attributed to the specific intermolecular interaction be- tween the acrylic acid group of PP-g-AA and the ether group of PVME. The specific interaction is studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 4098 - 4103, 2006
Patent•
03 Aug 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, a dihydro benzoxazine compound with dielectric properties was presented, in particular permittivity and dielectrics loss, which were improved compared to prior art, a composition containing the same, and a molded article.
Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a thermosetting compound having dielectric properties, in particular permittivity and dielectric loss, which are improved compared to prior art, a composition containing the same, and a molded article. The thermosetting compound according to the present invention is a dihydro benzoxazine compound represented by the following Formula (2), where, R 6 to R 13 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or the like, and R 14 represents a divalent saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group having a condensed ring structure.