Hays S. Rye

TL;DR: The synthesis, proof of structure, and the absorption and fluorescence properties of two new unsymmetrical cyanine dyes, thiazole orange dimer and oxazole yellow dimer are reported, which form highly fluorescent complexes with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with greater than 1000-fold fluorescence enhancement.

TL;DR: Major, asymmetric conformational changes in the GroEL double toroid accompany binding of ATP and the cochaperonin GroES to form a cis ternary complex, which allows the polypeptide to achieve its final native state, if folding was completed, or to recycle to another chaper onin molecule, if the folding process did not result in a form committed to the native state.

TL;DR: It is shown that for the folding of malate dehydrogenase and Rubisco there is also an absolute requirement for ATP in the cis ring, as ADP and AMP-PNP are unable to promote folding.

TL;DR: The cis ternary complex, in the presence of ATP, is the active state intermediate in the GroE-mediated folding reaction: folding is initiated in this state and for some substrates may be completed prior to the timed release of GroES triggered by ATP hydrolysis.

TL;DR: Fluorescent intercalation complexes of certain polycationic ligands with double-stranded DNA provide a new class of multichromophore labels for fluorescence assays.