Prospective Cohort Study

Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Executive Summary Introduction Methodology Used to Prepare the Guideline Epidemiology Incidence Etiology Major Epidemiologic Points Pathogenesis Major Points for Pathogenesis Modifiable Risk Factors Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation Aspiration, Body Position, and Enteral Feeding Modulation of Colonization: Oral Antiseptics and Antibiotics Stress Bleeding Prophylaxis, Transfusion, and Glucose Control Major Points and Recommendations for Modifiable Risk Factors Diagnostic Testing Major Points and Recommendations for Diagnosis Diagnostic Strategies and Approaches Clinical Strategy Bacteriologic Strategy Recommended Diagnostic Strategy Major Points and Recommendations for Comparing Diagnostic Strategies Antibiotic Treatment of Hospital-acquired Pneumonia General Approach Initial Empiric Antibiotic Therapy Appropriate Antibiotic Selection and Adequate Dosing Local Instillation and Aerosolized Antibiotics Combination versus Monotherapy Duration of Therapy Major Points and Recommendations for Optimal Antibiotic Therapy Specific Antibiotic Regimens Antibiotic Heterogeneity and Antibiotic Cycling Response to Therapy Modification of Empiric Antibiotic Regimens Defining the Normal Pattern of Resolution Reasons for Deterioration or Nonresolution Evaluation of the Nonresponding Patient Major Points and Recommendations for Assessing Response to Therapy Suggested Performance Indicators

Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia the official statement of the American Thoracic Society and the Infectious Disease Society of America (特集 救急診療ガイドライン) -- (海外のガイドライン)

Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a highly troublesome pathogen for many institutions globally. As a consequence of its immense ability to acquire or upregulate antibiotic drug resistance determinants, it has justifiably been propelled to the forefront of scientific attention. Apart from its predilection for the seriously ill within intensive care units, A. baumannii has more recently caused a range of infectious syndromes in military personnel injured in the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. This review details the significant advances that have been made in our understanding of this remarkable organism over the last 10 years, including current taxonomy and species identification, issues with susceptibility testing, mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, global epidemiology, clinical impact of infection, host-pathogen interactions, and infection control and therapeutic considerations.

Acinetobacter baumannii: Emergence of a Successful Pathogen

Background Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can unknowingly spread the virus to several people during the early subclinical period. Methods We evaluated the viral dynamics in various body fluid specimens, such as nasopharyngeal swab, oropharyngeal swab, saliva, sputum, and urine specimens, of two patients with COVID-19 from hospital day 1 to 9. Additional samples of the saliva were taken at 1 hour, 2 hours, and 4 hours after using a chlorhexidine mouthwash. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Results SARS-CoV-2 was detected from all the five specimens of both patients by rRT-PCR. The viral load was the highest in the nasopharynx (patient 1 = 8.41 log10 copies/mL; patient 2 = 7.49 log10 copies/mL), but it was also remarkably high in the saliva (patient 1 = 6.63 log10 copies/mL; patient 2 = 7.10 log10 copies/mL). SARS-CoV-2 was detected up to hospital day 6 (illness day 9 for patient 2) from the saliva of both patients. The viral load in the saliva decreased transiently for 2 hours after using the chlorhexidine mouthwash. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 viral load was consistently high in the saliva; it was relatively higher than that in the oropharynx during the early stage of COVID-19. Chlorhexidine mouthwash was effective in reducing the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the saliva for a short-term period.

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Clinical Significance of a High SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in the Saliva.

Long-term immunogenicity of influenza vaccine among the elderly: Risk factors for poor immune response and persistence

Objectives: To determine the in vitro activities and interactions of imipenem, colistin and tigecycline with old antibacterial agents against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Methods: Forty-three carbapenem-resistant A. baumannli Isolates from the intensive care unit of a university hospital were collected and their MICs of imipenem, colistin and tigecycline were determined. With eight randomly selected carbapenem-resistant isolates, an in vitro time-kill study was performed for the evaluation of antibacterial activity of colistin, tigecycline, imipenem/sulbactam and colistin/ rifampicin. Results: The time-kill study of colistin demonstrated bactericidal activity against A. baumannii at concentrations of 4x MIC and 8x MIC, whereas tigecycline showed bacteriostatic activity at all concentrations. The combination regimens of imipenem/sulbactam and colistin/rifampicin were synergistic and bactericidal at 1 x MIC. Conclusions: Imipenem/sulbactam combination, colistin and tigecycline showed good In vitro activities against carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates. Even though colistin is bactericidal against carbapenem-resistant A. baumannil, the colistin/rifampicin combination is more warranted in order to be certain.

/pdf/in-vitro-activities-of-carbapenem-sulbactam-combination-1jkgyp63j9.pdf

In vitro activities of carbapenem/sulbactam combination, colistin, colistin/rifampicin combination and tigecycline against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

Subclinical Covid-19 in South Korea Among 28 early confirmed cases of Covid-19 in South Korea, diagnosis was delayed in 11 patients because of subclinical symptoms and diverse initial manifestation...

Hee Jin Cheong

Papers

Clinical Significance of a High SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in the Saliva.

Long-term immunogenicity of influenza vaccine among the elderly: Risk factors for poor immune response and persistence

In vitro activities of carbapenem/sulbactam combination, colistin, colistin/rifampicin combination and tigecycline against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

Covid-19 in South Korea - Challenges of Subclinical Manifestations.

Influenza vaccine coverage rates and perceptions on vaccination in South Korea