The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between employees’ work performance and their well-being, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction in sedentary jobs in Slovenian enterprises using a mixed-methods research design. The quantitative component of the research included the responses to four selected questionnaires of 120 employees in 22 identified enterprises (out of 81), with more than 20 employees, having more than 85 percent sedentary jobs. Each of four questionnaires was chosen to cover one area of enquiry under the research foci of work performance, job satisfaction, life satisfaction and well-being. The statistical program STATA was used for data analyses. The analysis shows statistically significant positive correlations between employee performance and job satisfaction (r = 0.35), employee performance and life satisfaction (r = 0.28), life satisfaction and well-being (r = 0.33), and job satisfaction and well-being, whereas the correlation between well-being and work performance did not prove to be statistically significant. The qualitative component of the mixed-methods research design included systematic observation combined with one-to-one discussions. The results indicated that job satisfaction and life satisfaction are more significant in determining work performance in sedentary jobs than employee well-being and that being unwell is still considered a sign of weakness; therefore, employees who are unwell do not want to expose themselves and refuse to cooperate in activities and studies about well-being. Further research examining the impact on work performance of organizational climate measurements in sedentary jobs is recommended.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/16/10427/pdf?version=1661083430

Correlation between Employee Performance, Well-Being, Job Satisfaction, and Life Satisfaction in Sedentary Jobs in Slovenian Enterprises

Ambulance workers are subject to a variety of work-related stress factors. These are counteracted by work-related resources. The aim of this work was to survey the mental and physical stress factors in emergency services personnel and to analyze the relationships between work-related behavior and stress consequences.Two hundred and seventy-six emergency services personnel (39.3 ± 8.04 years old) participated. The survey included occupational questions as well as questionnaires for the subjective assessment of stress at work according to Slesina, work-related behavior and experience patterns (AVEM), recovery stress (EBF), and physical, psychological, and social symptoms (KOEPS).The stresses reported by most respondents were awkward posture, lifting/carrying heavy loads, physical labor, and shift work. The highest rating for stress intensities was shift work (76.9% "often"). About one-third of the respondents showed a risk pattern of work-related behavior. KOEPS and EBF results were not abnormal. Behavioral traits that reflect job-related emotions correlated positively with recovery and negatively with strain and health complaints, which is consistent with theory. Striving for perfection, offensive problem solving, and professional ambition were not or hardly associated with the stress consequences.The risk assessment and collection of work-related behavioral data of emergency services personnel with regard to coping with the job's demands provide starting points for organizational and individual preventive measures. Based on AVEM templates, these can be customized.HINTERGRUND: Einsatzkräfte im Rettungsdienst (RD) unterliegen zahlreichen arbeitsbezogenen Belastungsfaktoren. Diesen stehen verschiedene Ressourcen gegenüber, die der Belastung entgegenwirken können. Ziel der Arbeit war es, physische und psychische Belastungen im RD zu erheben sowie die Zusammenhänge zwischen dem arbeitsbezogenen Verhalten und den Folgen von (Fehl‑)Beanspruchung zu analysieren.An der Befragung im Jahr 2015 nahmen 276 Einsatzkräfte (39,3 ± 8,04 Jahre alt) teil. Sie beinhaltete berufsbezogene Fragen sowie den Fragebogen zur subjektiven Einschätzung der Belastungen am Arbeitsplatz nach Slesina, den Fragebogen zum arbeitsbezogenen Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster (AVEM), den Erholungs-Belastungs-Fragebogen (EBF) und den Fragebogen für körperliche, psychische und soziale Symptome (KOEPS).Die von dem größten Teil der Befragten angegebenen Belastungen waren: ungünstige Körperhaltung, Heben/Tragen schwerer Lasten, körperliche Arbeit und Schichtarbeit. Am häufigsten fühlten sie sich durch Schichtarbeit belastet (76,9 % „oft“). Circa ein Drittel der Befragten zeigte in seinem arbeitsbezogenen Verhalten ein Risikomuster. In EBF und KOEPS traten keine Abweichungen vom Referenzbereich auf. Merkmale der emotionalen Einstellung gegenüber der Arbeit korrelierten positiv mit der Qualität der Erholung sowie negativ mit der Beanspruchung und gesundheitlichen Beschwerden. Das Perfektionsstreben, die offensive Problembewältigung und der berufliche Ehrgeiz waren nicht bzw. kaum mit den Beanspruchungsfolgen assoziiert.Die Gefährdungsbeurteilung und die Erfassung des arbeitsbezogenen Verhaltens von Einsatzkräften geben Ansatzpunkte für Präventionsmaßnahmen. Auf Grundlage von AVEM-Mustern können diese individuell angepasst werden. 

/pdf/mental-and-physical-stress-in-the-emergency-medical-services-2mxxjz13.pdf

[Mental and physical stress in the emergency medical services: association of work-related behavior and the consequences of stress].

/pdf/psychische-und-korperliche-belastung-im-rettungsdienst-2besombi.pdf

Psychische und körperliche Belastung im Rettungsdienst: Zusammenhang des arbeitsbezogenen Verhaltens und der Beanspruchungsfolgen

Ambulance services are changing, and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been a major challenge in the past three years. Job satisfaction and work engagement are important characteristics for a healthy organization and success in one’s profession. The purpose of the current systematic review was to evaluate the predictors of job satisfaction and work engagement in prehospital emergency medical service personnel. Electronic databases, such as PubMed, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, and Embase, were utilized in this review. Predictors (ß coefficient, odds ratio, rho) of higher job satisfaction and work engagement were examined. Only prehospital emergency medical service personnel were considered. The review included 10 studies worldwide with 8358 prehospital emergency medical service personnel (24.9% female). The main predictor for job satisfaction was supervisors’ support. Other predictors were younger or middle age and work experience. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, as burnout dimensions, were negative predictors for higher job satisfaction or work engagement. Quality demands for health care systems are a significant challenge for future emergency medical services. The psychological and physical strengthening of employees is necessary and includes constant supervision of managers or facilitators.

/pdf/a-systematic-review-of-associations-and-predictors-for-job-1ygnktjr.pdf

A Systematic Review of Associations and Predictors for Job Satisfaction and Work Engagement in Prehospital Emergency Medical Services—Challenges for the Future

EFL teachers in lockdown: does work-related rumination predict work-related behavior patterns during covid pandemic?

Background: The workloads of emergency medical service personnel (EMS) are varied. In the absence of recovery, health consequences can result. The aim of this review was to analyze the literature on the associations between psychosocial or physical work factors on one hand and the well-being outcomes and job satisfaction on the other hand. Methods: A systematic literature review examining the workloads, behavior, and well-being of EMS including emergency physicians, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement for the reporting systematic reviews, was performed. The PubMed, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Psyndex, and Embase electronic databases were used. Results: Thirty-three studies were included. These were divided into studies that predominantly focused on the behavior (6), stress and strain (22), and well-being (5) of EMS. Only four studies also examined emergency physicians. The studies indicated a high prevalence of psychological and physical stress factors. Burnout and posttraumatic stress disorders have been the most studied consequences of mismatched stress. The health status variable performs better in conjunction with higher qualifications. Age is not a protective variable in some studies. Conclusions: EMS workloads are varied and must be assessed on an individual basis. Studies on emergency physicians are needed. Organizational and personal measures must become the focus of health promotion and prevention in the workplace.

/pdf/analysis-of-work-related-factors-behavior-well-being-outcome-314ntpab.pdf

Analysis of Work Related Factors, Behavior, Well-Being Outcome, and Job Satisfaction of Workers of Emergency Medical Service: A Systematic Review

The balance between stress perception and recovery of emergency medical service personnel during service and leisure time is an essential indicator of mental and physical health. It ensures success in emergency medical care and is also a health policy and economic factor for any organization. The aim of the study was to evaluate the recovery stress level of paramedics in the first and second waves of the SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic.The quantitative cross-sectional study included 1936 records of responders (334 women and 1602 men, mean age 34.9 ± 10.5 years). The online survey during the SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic was performed during the first wave in 2020 and the second wave in 2021. The short form EBF-24/A (test version S2) of the recovery stress questionnaire according to Kallus was analyzed.During the course of the two survey phases, the dimensions stress increased significantly (t1: 2.52 ± 0.98 and t2: 2.88 ± 1.04 points, p < 0.001) and recovery decreased significantly (t1: 2.98 ± 0.90 and t2: 2.64 ± 0.89 points, p < 0.001). Similar results were found for the corresponding subscales with the exception of the subscale "restful sleep" of the dimension recovery (t1: 2.81 ± 1.36 and t2: 2.72 ± 1.36 points).During the SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic, which has been ongoing since the beginning of 2020, the stress experienced by emergency responders increased from the first to the second wave, while the perception of recovery for emergency responders decreased. The study presents the current situation of recovery stress in German emergency medical service employees and allows predictions about performance and health in pandemic situations. 

/pdf/recovery-stress-levels-in-paramedics-during-the-first-two-34scg91b.pdf

[Recovery-stress levels in paramedics during the first two waves of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic].

Abstract Purpose Stressors due to the workload in the ambulance service are numerous and can be positively counteracted by work-related behaviors and experiences. We analyzed the subjective perceptions of workload and stress as a function of work-related behavior and experience patterns among emergency service personnel (EMP). Methods A total of 276 EMP (94.6% men) participated (average age: 39.3 ± 8.04 years). Data on the stress situations of ambulance service staff according to the Slesina questionnaire, the Recovery–Stress Questionnaire (EBF), and the Questionnaire for Physical, Psychological and Social Symptoms (KOEPS) were obtained. Participants were classified into four patterns (A, B, G, and S) based on the Work-Related Behavior and Experience Patterns (AVEM) questionnaire. Results Overall, 32% of EMP were classified into AVEM risk patterns A and B. For half of the stress factors examined (23/46), the data were significantly different among the AVEM groups. Individuals with AVEM risk patterns have higher stress and lower recovery scores on the EBF and more physical, psychological, and social-communicative impairments shown using the KOEPS (all variables p &lt; 0.001). Analyses showed moderate correlations among the AVEM dimensions (exceptions included striving for perfection, subjective importance of work, and work-related ambition), and the main scales of the EBF and KOEPS. Conclusion Work-related patterns of behavior and experience are used to determine how stress is handled, and it is possible to distinguish between patterns that promote health and those that hazardous to it. Individuals with AVEM patterns that are a risk to their health experience high stress, low recovery, and increased physical, psychological, and social-communicative impairments. Health-promoting work-related behaviors can be used to counteract stress. Companies developing preventive health promotion measures should focus on individuals with AVEM patterns that are a risk to their health. 

/pdf/subjective-perceptions-of-workload-and-stress-of-emergency-2l2cz0wo.pdf

Subjective perceptions of workload and stress of emergency service personnel depending on work-related behavior and experience patterns

It is well known that alcohol consumption and abuse, as well as alcohol-induced problems, increase during difficult economic times. Previous studies showed increased alcohol consumption in the 2003 SARS outbreak in China. The review examines global changes in alcohol consumption under current SARS-CoV‑2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic.The databases PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science with a cut-off date of 11 January 2022 were used. An initial hit count of 791 publications was found. After reading the title and abstract, 62 texts were still eligible. After reviewing the full text, 40 studies were included in this review.Study results were available from North and South America, Europe, Asia and Oceania. Increases as well as reductions in alcohol consumption were shown. Studies examining multiple waves of the pandemic found that alcohol consumption increased with duration of the pandemic. Binge drinking played a large role in this. There were very large regional differences in the increase in alcohol consumption: from about 10% of respondents to > 45%. In most studies, alcohol consumption was about the same for 40-50% of respondents and decreased for 30-40%.Further study follow-ups under the continuing pandemic are relevant. Since the populations studied were predominantly of working age, occupational prevention measures of elevated stress levels for some of the respondents with increased alcohol consumption seem reasonable. 

/pdf/drinking-behavior-at-the-beginning-and-during-the-sars-cov-2-31b72s1x.pdf

Heiko Schumann

Papers

Analysis of Work Related Factors, Behavior, Well-Being Outcome, and Job Satisfaction of Workers of Emergency Medical Service: A Systematic Review

[Mental and physical stress in the emergency medical services: association of work-related behavior and the consequences of stress].

[Recovery-stress levels in paramedics during the first two waves of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic].

Subjective perceptions of workload and stress of emergency service personnel depending on work-related behavior and experience patterns

[Drinking behavior at the beginning and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: results of a literature review].