Heleen A. Slagter

Abstract: In this article, we provide a toolbox of resources and nudges for those who are interested in advancing open scientific practice. Open Science encompasses a range of behaviours that aim to include the transparency of scientific research and how widely it is communicated. The paper is divided into seven sections, each dealing with a different stakeholder in the world of research (researchers, students, departments and faculties, universities, academic libraries, journals, and funders). With two frameworks in mind — EAST and the Pyramid of Culture Change — we describe the influences and incentives that sway behaviour for each of these stakeholders, we outline changes that can foster Open Science, and suggest actions and resources for individuals to nudge these changes. In isolation, a small shift in one person’s behaviour may appear to make little difference, but when combined, these small shifts can lead to radical changes in culture. We offer this toolbox to assist individuals and institutions in cultivating a more open research culture.

TL;DR: It is concluded that it is unclear whether eye movements or other aspects of spatial attention can be affected through tDCS of the frontal eye fields, and added to a growing number of null results, which have sparked concerns that tDCS outcomes are highly variable.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors adopt the pattern theory of self (PTS) for a working definition of self, which incorporates the pluralist view on self as constituted by multiple aspects or processes, understood to constitute a self-pattern.

TL;DR: In this paper , decision confidence arbitrates between perceptual decision errors, which reflect true illusions of perception, and cognitive decision errors which do not, showing that when participants were confident in their erroneous decision, this neural representation flipped later in time and reflected the incorrectly reported percept, and this flip in neural pattern was absent for decisions that were made with low confidence.