Degeneration and regeneration of the nervous system

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ホームページの活用法

American Heart Association Council on cardiovascular nursing.

Turning blood into brain: Cells bearing neuronal antigens generated in vivo from bone marrow

Intellectual disabilities (ID) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior which includes conceptual, social and practical skills. 1 out of 4 individuals with ID have co-existing autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Recently, cell therapy has shown great potential in management of ID with ASD due to their ability to address the underlying pathophysiology via immunomodulation and synaptogenesis. We administered autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells intrathecally in a 20-year-old male patient diagnosed as ID with ASD. Over 3 years follow up, there were no adverse events and along with symptomatic improvements, IQ scores improved from 46 to 56 and scores on ISAA improved from 134 to 70. Comparative positron emission tomography– computed tomography brain showed improved metabolism in bilateral frontal, temporal cortices and cerebellum. Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell therapy may be effective to improve quality of life in individuals of ID with ASD even in adulthood.

Improved brain function in an adult case of Intellectual Disability with Autism Spectrum Disorder following Cell Therapy

Motor neuron disease (MND) is an insidious, fatal disorder that progresses with the selective loss of anterior horn cells of the spinal column. Over 150 years since it was first described, various therapeutic approaches have been tested in the quest of a cure but with little success. Current standard therapy only improves lifespan by a few months; palliative care is the only option available for patients. Stem cell therapy is a potent approach for the treatment of this devastating disease. A multitude of vitalizing effects, both paracrine and somatic, a robust safety profile, as well as ease of availability make a strong case for using these cells for therapeutic purposes. Coupled with rigorous rehabilitation, this powerful treatment modality has been shown to slow disease progression, improve quality of life, and increase survival, along with being well tolerated by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)/ MND patients. Compelling preclinical as well as clinical evidence abounds that stem cells hold great potential as a therapy for ALS/MND. Although not a definitive solution yet, stem cells have been verified to have slowed and/or halted disease progression in a subset of ALS/MND patients.

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Stem Cell Therapy in Motor Neuron Disease

Spinal cord injury is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Current mainstay treatment strategies consist of surgical and medical management in acute and subacute stage. Rehabilitative management in the chronic stage. None of the existing strategies can repair the damage to the spinal cord and recover neurological functioning. Stem cells have promising results in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Various pre-clinical studies have evidenced neuro-regenerative capabilities of stem cells and shown neural recovery. Clinical studies have also shown improvements in neurological functions and quality of life. This chapter discusses about different types of cells available, routes of administration available to transplant these cells, dosages of cell and optimum time after injury at which cells should be transplanted based on world-wide literature. We have also discussed results following our protocol of intrathecal transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells. Although, not a cure, stem cell therapy further improves quality of life, functional independence and reduces secondary complications when combined with existing treatment strategies; neuroregenerative rehabilitative therapy.

/pdf/neuroregenerative-rehabilitative-therapy-for-spinal-cord-4gjxzzfnqm.pdf

Neuroregenerative-Rehabilitative Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury

Background: Vascular dementia affects a broad spectrum of patients with various manifestations of cognitive decline, which are attributed to cerebral or cardiovascular disease. Laboratory studies have shown that transplanted bone marrow stem cells improve neurological diseases of the central nervous system by generating neural cells or myelin-producing oligodendroglial cells and enhancing neural plasticity. But till now, there has been lack of objective data in the form of investigational findings providing evidence for clinical improvements. Method: We present a case of a 61 year old woman diagnosed with vascular dementia, who was administered autologous bone marrow derived mononuclear cells, intrathecally. Result: Even after follow up of 2 years she showed sustained significant clinical improvements recorded by MMSE and FIM along with corroborating changes in PET CT scan of brain showing significantly improved metabolic activity. Conclusion: Thus, demonstrating objective evidence showing benefits of neuroregeneration rehabilitation therapy in vascular dementia.

Autologous Bone Marrow Derived Mononuclear Cell Therapy for Vascular

Learning disabilities (LDs) are caused by genetic and/or neurological factors that alter brain functioning and affect processes related to learning, which include dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia. It hinders the child’s academic, social, and overall life skills. Current treatments for LD include medication and rehabilitation, focusing on management of symptoms. Thus, there is a need to explore newer treatments which will work at cellular level. Stem cell therapy is an evolving field of regenerative medicine and has shown great potential as a treatment strategy for various neuro-developmental and neurological disorders. It addresses the core underlying pathology and its benefits are enhanced when combined with standard treatments. This chapter focuses on various aspects of stem cell therapy in LD which includes the basics of stem cell therapy, rationale for use of stem cells, mechanism of action, monitoring tools like PET CT scan, and multidisciplinary rehabilitation. We have also enumerated our clinical experience and results of patients who underwent autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation combined with extensive rehabilitation. These patients showed a positive outcome, without any major adverse events. Nineteen out of 20 patients showed improvement in reading, writing, mathematical skills, attention, memory, problem-solving, comprehension skills, spelling, vocabulary, and overall increased academic performance.

Hemangi Sane

Papers

Improved brain function in an adult case of Intellectual Disability with Autism Spectrum Disorder following Cell Therapy

Stem Cell Therapy in Motor Neuron Disease

Neuroregenerative-Rehabilitative Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury

Autologous Bone Marrow Derived Mononuclear Cell Therapy for Vascular

Stem Cell Therapy for Learning Disability