Degeneration and regeneration of the nervous system

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ホームページの活用法

American Heart Association Council on cardiovascular nursing.

Turning blood into brain: Cells bearing neuronal antigens generated in vivo from bone marrow

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder with fatal prognosis. Cellular therapy has been studied for ALS in various animal models and these advances have highlighted its potential to be a treatment modality. This is a retrospective controlled cohort study of total 57 patients. Out of these, 37 patients underwent autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in addition to standard rehabilitation and Riluzole. Control group consisted of 20 patients who did not receive cell transplantation. The survival duration since the onset of the disease for both the groups was computed using a Kaplan-Meier Survival analysis and compared using log-rank test. Effect of age at onset, type of onset and lithium on survival duration in the intervention group was analyzed. Mean survival duration of patients in intervention group was 87.76 months which was higher than the control group mean survival duration of 57.38 months. Survival duration was significantly (p = 0.039) higher in people with the onset of the disease below 50 years of age. Limb onset and lithium also showed positive influence on the survival duration. Mean survival duration of the intervention group was also higher than the survival duration of ALS patients in previous epidemiological studies. In addition to the standard treatment with Riluzole, early intervention with combination of BMMNCs transplantation and Lithium may have a positive effect on the survival duration in ALS. Prospective randomized controlled studies with a larger sample size and rigorous methodology are required for conclusive findings.

The effect of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation on the survival duration in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - a retrospective controlled study.

Traumatic brain injury is an injury to the brain parenchyma resulting from external factors such as vehicular accidents, falls, or sports injuries. Its outcome involves primary insult followed by a cascade of secondary insult, resulting in diffuse axonal injury further causing white matter damage. Surgical intervention targets the primary damage, whereas only few treatment alternatives are available to treat the secondary damage. Cellular therapy could be one of the prospective therapeutic options, as it has the potential to arrest the degeneration and promote regeneration of new cells in the brain. We conducted a pilot study on 14 cases who were administered with autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells, intrathecally. The follow up was done at 1 week, 3 months and 6 months after the intervention. The Functional Independence Measure scale, the SF-8 Health Survey Scoring and the disability rating scale were used as outcome measures. These scales showed a positive shift in scores at the end of 6 months. Improvements were observed in various symptoms, along with activities of daily living. Improvement in PET CT scan performed before and 6 months after the intervention in 3 patients corresponded to the clinical and functional improvements observed in these patients. The results of this study suggest that cell therapy may promote functional recovery leading to an improved quality of life in chronic TBI. Although the results are positive, the improvements after cell therapy are not optimal. Hence, additional multicenter, controlled studies are required to establish cell therapy as a standard therapeutic approach.

/pdf/cell-therapy-attempted-as-a-novel-approach-for-chronic-zxcxwb9a9o.pdf

Cell therapy attempted as a novel approach for chronic traumatic brain injury – a pilot study

Autism, the most severe form of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by language developmental delay, social skills impairment, communication problems, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior. There is no cure for Autism; hence therapies and behavioral interventions are designed to remedy specific symptoms. We used autologous bone marrow derived mononuclear cells intrathecally in a 14 yr old boy with severe autism to improve the quality of life. At six months, follow up after therapy the general impression on clinical assessment showed mild autism. It is exciting to see symptomatic improvement with shift on Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) from 42.5 (Severely Autistic) to 23.5 (Non Autistic), which was also visualized as enhanced PET scan brain function. All these improvements have led to improved quality of life of the patient as well as the family. Several incurable neurological disorders have shown benefits with cellular therapy thus, autism should be explored as an indication and nuclear imaging can be used to study its effects.

/pdf/an-improved-case-of-autism-as-revealed-by-pet-ct-scan-in-4ztpm6piv0.pdf

An Improved Case of Autism as Revealed by PET CT Scan in Patient Transplanted with Autologous Bone Marrow Derived Mononuclear Cells

Patient: Male, 9

Final Diagnosis: Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Symptoms: Hyporeflexia • hypotonia • weaknes of lower limbs

Medication: —

Clinical Procedure: —

Specialty: Neurology

Objective:
Congenital defects/diseases

/pdf/autologous-bone-marrow-mononuclear-cell-transplantation-in-2akveh91iq.pdf

Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy - a case report.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the non-progressive neurological diseases caused by damage to the brain tissue at birth, which leads to physical, cognitive and perceptive symptoms. Even after lifelong medical and therapeutic management there are residual deficits which affect the quality of life of the patients and their families. We examined a maximally rehabilitated, 20 year old male suffering from CP and Mental Retardation (MR). He had diplegic gait and Intelligence Quotient (IQ) score of 44 with affected fine motor activities, balance, speech and higher functions. Positron Emission Tomography—Computer Tomography (PET-CT) scan identified frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, left cerebellar lobes, amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampus as the affected areas. He was treated with cellular therapy of Autologous Bone Marrow Derived Mono-Nuclear Cells (MNCs) transplantation followed by multidisciplinary rehabilitation. Six months following therapy, PET-CT scan showed significant increase in metabolic activity in all four lobes, mesial temporal structures and left cerebellar hemisphere, also supported by clinical improvement in IQ, social behavior, speech, balance and daily functioning. These findings provide preliminary evidence to support the efficacy of cellular therapy for the treatment of CP with MR. PET-CT scan can also be viewed as an impressive tool to monitor the effects of cellular therapy.

https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/crinm/2013/141983.pdf

Positron Emission Tomography—Computer Tomography Scan Used as a Monitoring Tool Following Cellular Therapy in Cerebral Palsy and Mental Retardation—A Case Report

Hemangi Sane

Papers

The effect of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation on the survival duration in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - a retrospective controlled study.

Cell therapy attempted as a novel approach for chronic traumatic brain injury – a pilot study

An Improved Case of Autism as Revealed by PET CT Scan in Patient Transplanted with Autologous Bone Marrow Derived Mononuclear Cells

Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy - a case report.

Positron Emission Tomography—Computer Tomography Scan Used as a Monitoring Tool Following Cellular Therapy in Cerebral Palsy and Mental Retardation—A Case Report