Degeneration and regeneration of the nervous system

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ホームページの活用法

American Heart Association Council on cardiovascular nursing.

Turning blood into brain: Cells bearing neuronal antigens generated in vivo from bone marrow

Improved Quality of Life in A Case of Cerebral Palsy after Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Transplantation.

The underlying pathophysiology in intellectual disability (ID) involves abnormalities in dendritic branching and connectivity of the neuronal network. This limits the ability of the brain to process information. Conceptually, cellular therapy through its neurorestorative and neuroregenerative properties can counteract these pathogenetic mechanisms and improve neuronal connectivity. This improved networking should exhibit as clinical efficacy in patients with ID. To assess the safety and efficacy of cellular therapy in patients with ID, we conducted an open-label proof-of-concept study from October 2011 to December 2015. Patients were divided into two groups: intervention group (n = 29) and rehabilitation group (n = 29). The intervention group underwent cellular transplantation consisting of intrathecal administration of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells and standard neurorehabilitation. The rehabilitation group underwent only standard neurorehabilitation. The results of the symptomatic outcomes were compared between the two groups. In the intervention group analysis, the outcome measures used were the intelligence quotient (IQ) and the Wee Functional Independence Measure (Wee-FIM). To compare the pre-intervention and post-intervention results, statistical analysis was done using Wilcoxon’s matched-pairs test for Wee-FIM scores and McNemar’s test for symptomatic improvements and IQ. The effect of age and severity of the disorder were assessed for their impact on the outcome of intervention. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) brain scan was used as a monitoring tool to study effects of the intervention. Adverse events were monitored for the safety of cellular therapy. On symptomatic analysis, greater improvements were seen in the intervention group as compared to the rehabilitation group. In the intervention group, the symptomatic improvements, IQ and Wee-FIM were statistically significant. A significantly better outcome of the intervention was found in the paediatric age group (<18 years) and patients with milder severity of ID. Repeat PET-CT scan in three patients of the intervention group showed improved metabolism in the frontal, parietal cortex, thalamus, mesial temporal structures and cerebellum. No major adverse events were witnessed. Cellular transplantation with neurorehabilitation is safe and effective for the treatment of underlying brain deficits in ID. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02245724. Registered 12 September 2014.

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An open-label proof-of-concept study of intrathecal autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in intellectual disability

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13619-020-00043-7.pdf

Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in patients with chronic traumatic brain injury- a clinical study

[18F] 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan was performed on 45 children with autism to study the baseline pattern and age-related developmental changes in the brain metabolism. Median standardized uptake values (SUVs) were compared with published healthy control data. Results showed that, in contrary to control data, the median SUVs in children with autism decrease linearly with increase in age. As compared to controls, autism children below 5 years showed greater metabolism and older children showed lower metabolism. In autism group, comparison of absolute SUVs within different regions of the brain revealed relatively lower metabolism in amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, caudate nucleus, cerebellum, mesial temporal lobe, thalamus, superior and middle temporal pole, and higher metabolic uptake in calcarine fissure and Heschl's gyrus. These results help in understanding the baseline metabolism and developmental changes of brain among different age groups in autism.

The Baseline Pattern and Age-related Developmental Metabolic Changes in the Brain of Children with Autism as Measured on Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Scan.

PET - CT scan has been recently utilized to detect functional abnormalities in the brain. In autism, the MRI of brain is normal hence, functional neuroimaging techniques such as Positron Emission Tomography - Computer Tomography scan of the brain should be explored. Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder affecting communication, behavior and socialization. Currently, available therapeutic approaches are aimed at symptomatic changes and do not target the core pathology in the brain of autism. Cell therapy has recently emerged as a promising treatment modality for autism. However, the effects of cell therapy need to be monitored by objective imaging. In this study, we present the case of a 6 year old boy with autism treated with intrathecal administration of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells and monitored with Positron Emission Tomography - Computer Tomography scan. On regular follow up at 3 and 6 months, significant social, behavioral and communication improvements were observed. On outcome measures, the Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism score pre - intervention improved from 113 to 97, Functional Independence Measure improved significantly from 42 to 50 and Childhood Autism Rating Scale improved from 42.5 to 35.5. The severity of illness on Clinical Global Impression scale showed a change from a score of 5 (markedly ill) to 4 (moderately ill). Global improvement graded on the CGI scale was 2 (much improved). The efficacy index on Childhood Autism Rating Scale showed moderate therapeutic effect (score 5). Interestingly, Positron Emission Tomography - Computer Tomography comparisons at 6 months revealed improved metabolism of the previously hypometabolic areas of the brain which correlated well with clinical improvements. No adverse events were reported.

https://www.longdom.org/open-access/pet--ct-scan-shows-decreased-severity-of-autism-after-autologous-cellulartherapy-a-case-report-2165-7890-1000169.pdf

Hemangi Sane

Papers

Improved Quality of Life in A Case of Cerebral Palsy after Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Transplantation.

An open-label proof-of-concept study of intrathecal autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in intellectual disability

Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in patients with chronic traumatic brain injury- a clinical study

The Baseline Pattern and Age-related Developmental Metabolic Changes in the Brain of Children with Autism as Measured on Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Scan.

PET - CT Scan Shows Decreased Severity of Autism after Autologous Cellular Therapy: A Case Report