다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

CA : A Cancer Journal for Clinicians

We conduct an exhaustive survey of image thresholding methods, categorize them, express their formulas under a uniform notation, and finally carry their performance comparison. The thresholding methods are categorized according to the information they are exploiting, such as histogram shape, measurement space clustering, entropy, object attributes, spatial correlation, and local gray-level surface. 40 selected thresholding methods from various categories are compared in the context of nondestructive testing applications as well as for document images. The comparison is based on the combined performance measures. We identify the thresholding algorithms that perform uniformly better over nonde- structive testing and document image applications. © 2004 SPIE and IS&T. (DOI: 10.1117/1.1631316)

/pdf/survey-over-image-thresholding-techniques-and-quantitative-2ekadyqjhj.pdf

Survey over image thresholding techniques and quantitative performance evaluation

“Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation using Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks”の学習報告

Two major problems of ultrasound imaging are low-contrast and speckle noise. Traditionally, before speckle reduction, an enhancement algorithm is employed to improve the quality of the image. However, the noise is enhanced as well. To overcome this drawback, we introduce a novel fuzzy anisotropic diffusion approach for speckle reduction and contrast enhancement. Maximum fuzzy entropy principle is used to map the image from space domain to fuzzy domain. Then, fractional-order partial differential equation is used to remove noise and to preserve edges. Finally, the subpixel operator is utilized as a tuning parameter to achieve the optimal result. We test the proposed method on synthetic and real breast ultrasound (BUS) images. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can preserve the edges and enhance the structural details of the BUS images well while removing speckle noise.

A novel speckle reduction and contrast enhancement method based on fuzzy anisotropic diffusion

An interactive graphics package with standard images and exemplar rules to assist physicians in the grading of breast cancer in a standardized way is presented. Pictures obtained from microscopic slide examples of standards for the Bloom-Richardson grading method have been visually classified by an expert, digitized, and input into a computer display system. These are presented together with a knowledge base (exemplars) of some underlying commonalities in a user-friendly, graphical image-display system that will run on personal computer with EGA or VGA graphics capabilities. The physician can inspect and enhance the standard images, and by using the exemplars can be guided to a diagnosis of new cases. The exemplars also include rules that advise on the use of the image analyzer. >

An interactive graphics package with standard examples of the Bloom and Richardson histological grading technique

A new peak selection criterion based on minimizing the classification error

In visual pattern recognition, researchers often rely on standard test images obtained under fixed conditions because it is usually difficult to obtain images with all the desired characteristics. This practice can compromise an investigation because existing images may need major changes in optical parameters or the original scene may be unavailable. For most engineering applications, algorithms can only work well under certain conditions. New algorithms might require specifications not fully met by the existing data (patterns). Synthesized patterns, in which a computer fills these requirements, may be the answer to the problem, due to its advantages of low cost, easy specification, independence from environmental conditions, and realistic visualization of abstract ideas that stimulates creativity. Ray tracing--a computer graphics technique with optical correctness requiring a few numerical parameters--can be employed to devise a scene. Results are presented in the form of light intensity maps, convenient for pattern recognition algorithms. Once the algorithms under study are confirmed with the synthesized images, conditions can be specified for acquiring real-world images, thus reducing costly trial-and-error methods. This paper proposes a novel approach to generate cracks and potholes using "fractals" with "texture mapping." The results illustrate the practicality of the proposed approach in the design and implementation of pavement management systems.

Heng-Da Cheng

Papers

A novel speckle reduction and contrast enhancement method based on fuzzy anisotropic diffusion

An interactive graphics package with standard examples of the Bloom and Richardson histological grading technique

A new peak selection criterion based on minimizing the classification error

Synthesized Images for Pavement Management System Design

Automated detection of masses in mammograms