Inositol trisphosphate is a second messenger that controls many cellular processes by generating internal calcium signals. It operates through receptors whose molecular and physiological properties closely resemble the calcium-mobilizing ryanodine receptors of muscle. This family of intracellular calcium channels displays the regenerative process of calcium-induced calcium release responsible for the complex spatiotemporal patterns of calcium waves and oscillations. Such a dynamic signalling pathway controls many cellular processes, including fertilization, cell growth, transformation, secretion, smooth muscle contraction, sensory perception and neuronal signalling.

Inositol trisphosphate and calcium signalling

The universality of calcium as an intracellular messenger depends on its enormous versatility. Cells have a calcium signalling toolkit with many components that can be mixed and matched to create a wide range of spatial and temporal signals. This versatility is exploited to control processes as diverse as fertilization, proliferation, development, learning and memory, contraction and secretion, and must be accomplished within the context of calcium being highly toxic. Exceeding its normal spatial and temporal boundaries can result in cell death through both necrosis and apoptosis.

The versatility and universality of calcium signalling

The development in the field of coordination polymers or metal-organic coordination networks, MOCNs (metal-organic frameworks, MOFs) is assessed in terms of property investigations in the areas of catalysis, chirality, conductivity, luminescence, magnetism, spin-transition (spin-crossover), non-linear optics (NLO) and porosity or zeolitic behavior upon which potential applications could be based.

/pdf/engineering-coordination-polymers-towards-applications-3joywh2v74.pdf

Engineering coordination polymers towards applications

A review was presented to demonstrate a historical description of the synthesis of light-emitting conjugated polymers for applications in electroluminescent devices. Electroluminescence (EL) was first reported in poly(para-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) in 1990 and researchers continued to make significant efforts to develop conjugated materials as the active units in light-emitting devices (LED) to be used in display applications. Conjugated oligomers were used as luminescent materials and as models for conjugated polymers in the review. Oligomers were used to demonstrate a structure and property relationship to determine a key polymer property or to demonstrate a technique that was to be applied to polymers. The review focused on demonstrating the way polymer structures were made and the way their properties were controlled by intelligent and rational and synthetic design.

Synthesis of Light-Emitting Conjugated Polymers for Applications in Electroluminescent Devices

Graphenes as potential material for electronics.

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) was dehydrofluorinated by cathodic electrolysis in DMF in the presence of t-BuOH as a mediator under the anaerobic conditions, giving poly(fluoroacetylene) with a carbyne moiety Electrical conductivity of the product was 39 × 10−3 S cm−1 upon I2 doping

Electrocatalytic Dehydrofluorination of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)

Spectroscopic study of soluble poly(2,5-dialkoxy-1,4-phenylene-alt-oligoethynylene)s

A microtip of polypyrrole film (50 μm in diameter) was devised on the model of a presynaptic membrane. The microtip incorporated neurotransmitter such as glutamic acid at an electrochemically oxidized state. The incorporated glutamic acid was released from the film on call by electric pulse stimulation.

Electrically stimulated release of neurotransmitter from a conducting polymer thin film on the model of a synapse.

We measured a frequency dependence of ESR line width in (CH)x and (CD)x at frequencies 5∼9,500 MHz. From a detailed analysis we could independently deduce 1-D diffusion rate of electron spin (neutral soliton) D‖ /c‖ 2, and the trapped spin concentration C between 200 and 340 K.

Hideki Shirakawa

Papers

Electrocatalytic Dehydrofluorination of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)

Spectroscopic study of soluble poly(2,5-dialkoxy-1,4-phenylene-alt-oligoethynylene)s

Electrically stimulated release of neurotransmitter from a conducting polymer thin film on the model of a synapse.

Frequency Dependence of ESR in Pristine Trans-Polyacetylene: Line Width

Electronic structure of the polyacetylene film oriented by a liquid crystal solvent under magnetic field