Inositol trisphosphate is a second messenger that controls many cellular processes by generating internal calcium signals. It operates through receptors whose molecular and physiological properties closely resemble the calcium-mobilizing ryanodine receptors of muscle. This family of intracellular calcium channels displays the regenerative process of calcium-induced calcium release responsible for the complex spatiotemporal patterns of calcium waves and oscillations. Such a dynamic signalling pathway controls many cellular processes, including fertilization, cell growth, transformation, secretion, smooth muscle contraction, sensory perception and neuronal signalling.

Inositol trisphosphate and calcium signalling

The universality of calcium as an intracellular messenger depends on its enormous versatility. Cells have a calcium signalling toolkit with many components that can be mixed and matched to create a wide range of spatial and temporal signals. This versatility is exploited to control processes as diverse as fertilization, proliferation, development, learning and memory, contraction and secretion, and must be accomplished within the context of calcium being highly toxic. Exceeding its normal spatial and temporal boundaries can result in cell death through both necrosis and apoptosis.

The versatility and universality of calcium signalling

The development in the field of coordination polymers or metal-organic coordination networks, MOCNs (metal-organic frameworks, MOFs) is assessed in terms of property investigations in the areas of catalysis, chirality, conductivity, luminescence, magnetism, spin-transition (spin-crossover), non-linear optics (NLO) and porosity or zeolitic behavior upon which potential applications could be based.

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Engineering coordination polymers towards applications

A review was presented to demonstrate a historical description of the synthesis of light-emitting conjugated polymers for applications in electroluminescent devices. Electroluminescence (EL) was first reported in poly(para-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) in 1990 and researchers continued to make significant efforts to develop conjugated materials as the active units in light-emitting devices (LED) to be used in display applications. Conjugated oligomers were used as luminescent materials and as models for conjugated polymers in the review. Oligomers were used to demonstrate a structure and property relationship to determine a key polymer property or to demonstrate a technique that was to be applied to polymers. The review focused on demonstrating the way polymer structures were made and the way their properties were controlled by intelligent and rational and synthetic design.

Synthesis of Light-Emitting Conjugated Polymers for Applications in Electroluminescent Devices

Graphenes as potential material for electronics.

Exafs study of bromine-doped polyacetylene

Characterization of neutral soliton dynamics in pristine trans-polyacetylene by means of anisotropic ESR T1 and line width

Oxidative polycondensation of 2,5-didecyloxy-1,4-diethynylbenzene with a Cu-amine catalyst gave a new soluble and fusible poly(2,5-didecyloxy-1,4-phenylenebutadiynylene) showing intense fluorescence, semiconducting properties upon doping with H2SO4 , and thermotropic liquid crystalline properties.

Synthesis of a novel liquid crystalline polymer, poly(2,5-didecyloxy-1,4-phenylenebutadiynylene)

Electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) and electron-nuclear-nuclear triple resonance (TRIPLE) spectra of pristine cis -rich (CH) x at low temperatures are consistent with the spin density distribution of the soliton predicted for a finite electron correlation. The ratio of the peak value of the negative spin density ρ(1) to that of the positive spin density ρ(0) is determined to be ρ(1)/ρ(0)∼-0.44 with the aid of ENDOR-induced ESR measurements. On the other hand, intrinsic ENDOR spectra due to the soliton spin density is not observable in 13 C-enriched samples because of the line shape distortion caused by the overlapping second-harmonic signal of 13 C nuclear frequency and other structures at frequencies related to 1 H and 13 C nuclear Larmor frequencies.

Hideki Shirakawa

Papers

Exafs study of bromine-doped polyacetylene

Characterization of neutral soliton dynamics in pristine trans-polyacetylene by means of anisotropic ESR T1 and line width

Synthesis of a novel liquid crystalline polymer, poly(2,5-didecyloxy-1,4-phenylenebutadiynylene)

Electron-Nuclear Double Resonance Studies of Pristine and 13C-Enriched Polyacetylene

Time-resolved photoinduced absorption of oriented trans-polyacetylene in the picosecond to microsecond range