Tin Halide Perovskites: Progress and Challenges

This paper reports on reduced graphene oxide (rGO), tin oxide (SnO2) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) tertiary nanocomposite thick film based flexible gas sensor. The nanocomposite of 0.90(PVDF) − 0.10[x(SnO2) − (1 − x)rGO] with different weight percentages (x = 0, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.6, 0.75, 0.90 and 1) have been prepared by the hot press method. Chromium (Cr) has been deposited on the surface by using E-beam evaporation system, which is used as electrode of the device. Crystal structure, morphology, and electrical characteristics of the device have been explored for the technological application. A correlation between crystallinity, morphology, and electrical properties with these thick films has also been established. The device has been tested at different hydrogen (H2) gas concentration as well as at different response times. A superior response of 0.90(PVDF) − 0.10[0.75(SnO2) − 0.25 rGO] nanocomposite thick film has been observed. Hence, this composition is considered as optimized tertiary nanocomposite for the hydrogen gas sensor application. The sensor response of 49.2 and 71.4% with response time 34 sec and 52 sec for 100 PPM and 1000 PPM H2 gas concentration respectively have been obtained. First time a new kind of low cost and flexible polymer based nanocomposite thick film gas sensor has been explored.

A new type low-cost, flexible and wearable tertiary nanocomposite sensor for room temperature hydrogen gas sensing.

A review of stability and progress in tin halide perovskite solar cell

Performance evaluation and material parameter perspective of eco-friendly highly efficient CsSnGeI3 perovskite solar cell

Device simulation of FASnI3 based perovskite solar cell with Zn(O0.3, S0.7) as electron transport layer using SCAPS-1D

Improvement in performance of lead free inverted perovskite solar cell by optimization of solar parameters

In recent years, new emerging oxide materials have demonstrated significant potential for use in gas sensors. We performed a theoretical investigation and analysis of an Ni-doped ZnO (NZO)-based gas sensor. The conductivity and sensitivity of the gas-sensing layer are illustrated as functions of the temperature and gas concentration. The analysis was carried out for an oxidizing agent, i.e., NO2, in which charge is attracted to the adsorbent layer and increases its resistance. The simulation results revealed the variation in resistance versus the temperature and gas concentration. To confirm the feasibility of the model, all the simulation results were compared with reported experimental work. This work will aid researchers in a reasonable choice of materials for and optimal design of high-performance gas sensors.

Modeling and analysis of an Ni:ZnO-based Schottky pattern for NO 2 detection

Being one of the renewable sources of energy, solar energy is considered a green and sustainable source and hence it can be utilized to generate carbon-free hydrogen via breaking a water molecule. In recent years, perovskite transition metal oxide-based materials have been investigated extensively as catalyst materials (i.e. photocatalyst/photoelectrode) in energy and the environment since they are low-cost, abundant, and also have good performance. In this comprehensive review, the perovskite transition metal oxides as both; photoanode and photocathode catalyst/electrode materials, for solar-driven photocatalytic (PC) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, are discussed in detail. Further, several major milestones and recent developments in this field have also been discussed. At last, an overview of the recent challenges, potential research directions, and the future outlook is presented to guide the design and configuration of highly efficient photocatalyst/photoelectrode used in water splitting. 

Recent Progress in Perovskite Transition Metal Oxide-based Photocatalyst and Photoelectrode Materials for Solar-Driven Water Splitting

Mott insulators have recently been identified as potential solar energy conversion material due to their favorable parameters. In this paper, we have investigated the cell performance by exploring the photovoltaic properties of Mott Insulator LaVO3 (LVO). The LVO thin films were grown by the sol–gel technique followed by a sintering pathway under various processing conditions. We investigated the influence of processing parameters on the structural, optical and electrical properties of the films through different characterization techniques. A correlation between the material parameters with the device performance has been established to ensure LVO perovskite for photovoltaic applications. This analysis will aid researchers to realize Mott insulators as light absorber material.

Performance Investigation of Mott-Insulator LaVO 3 as a Photovoltaic Absorber Material

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered as one of the most promising alternatives for existing solar cells due to its excellent optoelectronic properties and high efficiency. However, lead has posed a serious issue due to its toxicity which may hinder the commercial use of lead‐based perovskite solar panels/arrays. There has been substantial work progress to find an environment‐friendly alternative metal ion to replace lead. Tin (Sn)‐based PSCs have been successfully synthesized and optimized with high efficiency, making it the most promising active material for lead‐free PSCs. In this review, the role of J–V hysteresis in tin halide PSCs is discussed from the perspective of system structure, working concepts, and interfacial carrier dynamics in detail. The problem of hysteresis in PSCs is closely linked to ion migration, ferroelectric effects, capacitive effects, and trap‐assisted recombination processes, which are highlighted in this review. Further, remediation to reduce the hysteresis by various strategies is explained for tin‐based perovskites. The core focus of this review is to analyze the deterioration of device performance and stability caused due to the generation of defects in the perovskite films, leading to a time‐dependent hysteresis of the current–voltage curves.

Himanshu Dixit

Papers

Improvement in performance of lead free inverted perovskite solar cell by optimization of solar parameters

Modeling and analysis of an Ni:ZnO-based Schottky pattern for NO 2 detection

Recent Progress in Perovskite Transition Metal Oxide-based Photocatalyst and Photoelectrode Materials for Solar-Driven Water Splitting

Performance Investigation of Mott-Insulator LaVO 3 as a Photovoltaic Absorber Material

Assessment of Lead‐Free Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells Using J–V Hysteresis