A forward-facing vision system for a vehicle includes a forward-facing camera disposed in a windshield electronics module attached at a windshield of the vehicle and viewing through the windshield. A control includes a processor that, responsive to processing of captured image data, detects taillights of leading vehicles during nighttime conditions and, responsive to processing of captured image data, detects lane markers on a road being traveled by the vehicle. The control, responsive to lane marker detection and a determination that the vehicle is drifting out of a traffic lane, may control a steering system of the vehicle to mitigate such drifting, with the steering system manually controllable by a driver of the vehicle irrespective of control by the control. The processor, based at least in part on detection of lane markers via processing of captured image data, determines curvature of the road being traveled by the vehicle.

Vision system for vehicle

Recently, 'Liquid crystal display (LCD) vs. organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display: who wins?' has become a topic of heated debate. In this review, we perform a systematic and comparative study of these two flat panel display technologies. First, we review recent advances in LCDs and OLEDs, including material development, device configuration and system integration. Next we analyze and compare their performances by six key display metrics: response time, contrast ratio, color gamut, lifetime, power efficiency, and panel flexibility. In this section, we focus on two key parameters: motion picture response time (MPRT) and ambient contrast ratio (ACR), which dramatically affect image quality in practical application scenarios. MPRT determines the image blur of a moving picture, and ACR governs the perceived image contrast under ambient lighting conditions. It is intriguing that LCD can achieve comparable or even slightly better MPRT and ACR than OLED, although its response time and contrast ratio are generally perceived to be much inferior to those of OLED. Finally, three future trends are highlighted, including high dynamic range, virtual reality/augmented reality and smart displays with versatile functions.

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Liquid crystal display and organic light-emitting diode display: present status and future perspectives

A system and method in a building or vehicle for an actuator operation in response to a sensor according to a control logic, the system comprising a router or a gateway communicating with a device associated with the sensor and a device associated with the actuator over in-building or in-vehicle networks, and an external Internet-connected control server associated with the control logic implementing a PID closed linear control loop and communicating with the router over external network for controlling the in-building or in-vehicle phenomenon. The sensor may be a microphone or a camera, and the system may include voice or image processing as part of the control logic. A redundancy is used by using multiple sensors or actuators, or by using multiple data paths over the building or vehicle internal or external communication. The networks may be wired or wireless, and may be BAN, PAN, LAN, WAN, or home networks.

System and method for server based control

A vehicular vision system includes a camera having a lens and a CMOS photosensor array having a plurality of photosensor elements. The camera is disposed at an interior portion of a vehicle equipped with the vehicular vision system. The camera one of (i) views exterior of the equipped vehicle through the windshield of the equipped vehicle and forward of the equipped vehicle and (ii) views from the windshield of the equipped vehicle into the interior cabin of the equipped vehicle. A control includes an image processor that processes image data captured by the photosensor array. The image processor processes captured image data to detect an object viewed by the camera. The photosensor array is operable at a plurality of exposure periods and at least one exposure period of the plurality of exposure periods is dynamically variable.

Vehicular vision system

Image demosaicing is a problem of interpolating full-resolution color images from so-called color-filter-array
(CFA) samples Among various CFA patterns, Bayer pattern has been the most popular choice and demosaicing
of Bayer pattern has attracted renewed interest in recent years partially due to the increased availability of source
codes/executables in response to the principle of "reproducible research" In this article, we provide a systematic
survey of over seventy published works in this field since 1999 (complementary to previous reviews22, 67)
Our review attempts to address important issues to demosaicing and identify fundamental differences among
competing approaches Our findings suggest most existing works belong to the class of sequential demosaicing
- ie, luminance channel is interpolated first and then chrominance channels are reconstructed based on recovered
luminance information We report our comparative study results with a collection of eleven competing
algorithms whose source codes or executables are provided by the authors Our comparison is performed on
two data sets: Kodak PhotoCD (popular choice) and IMAX high-quality images (more challenging) While
most existing demosaicing algorithms achieve good performance on the Kodak data set, their performance on
the IMAX one (images with varying-hue and high-saturation edges) degrades significantly Such observation
suggests the importance of properly addressing the issue of mismatch between assumed model and observation
data in demosaicing, which calls for further investigation on issues such as model validation, test data selection
and performance evaluation

http://www4.comp.polyu.edu.hk/~cslzhang/paper/conf/demosaicing_survey.pdf

Image demosaicing: a systematic survey

A flesh-tone area is detected based on color-difference and luminance signals constituting video signals, and luminance correction, color correction, and aperture correction are performed only on the flesh-tone area or a human face area identified in the flesh-tone area. The setting of a focus area or the setting of a photometric area for iris control, automatic gain control, automatic shutter control, etc., in a video camera, is performed with respect to the flesh-tone area or the human face area. Furthermore, based on the color-difference and luminance signals constituting the video signals, a background area is detected, and the video signals are divided into components representing a background area and components representing an object area. An image signal of a desired hue or a still image is superimposed on the detected background area, or special processing is performed on the video signals representing the object area other than the detected background area.

Video signal processor for detecting flesh tones in am image

This paper presents a newly developed automatic exposure (AE) system for digital still cameras (DSC). The through the lens (TTL) system which has been employed mainly by conventional camcorders has been applied as an exposure control system for DSCs. However, the TTL system requires a longer time to obtain an appropriate exposure value, and it is therefore not a suitable control method for DSCs which demand immediate imaging after the shutter button is pushed. The authors have developed a high-precision AE capable of controlling the exposure quickly by converting the brightness of an object directly using the obtained value of an integrated image without using the photometric sensors other than a charge coupled device (CCD). They have also confirmed that the new system enables excellent exposure control without any problem.

A new automatic exposure system for digital still cameras

A method and apparatus for adjusting a color difference signal of an image includes a video signal processor. The video signal processor receives a luminance signal and color difference signals representing the image, and accesses a color saturation level from a color saturation level table stored in memory based on the color difference signals. The video signal processor then detects flesh tone in areas of the image based on the luminance signal and the color saturation level, and generates a flesh tone detecting signal based on results of the flesh tone detection.

Method and apparatus for detecting flesh tones in an image

This paper presents an interpolation method for digital still cameras (DSCs) which is based on color signal correlation. The authors have developed a method of reducing aliasing by increasing the resolution of color signals in DSCs that use a single-plate charge coupled device (CCD) with a primary color filter array. The new method interpolates signals by taking advantage of the fact that color signal variations are similar to one another in a local region of an image. It selects the signal that shows the higher correlation, either in the horizontal or vertical directions, at color signal positions subject to in- terpolation, thus improving the color resolution. First, the effectiveness of the new method was verified using image simulation. Next, the prototype hardware was fabricated. The prototype is fitted with an original reduced instruc- tion set computer (RISC) built-in dynamic random ac- cess memory (DRAM) for processing image signals to pro- vide high-speed camera signal processing. The authors also confirmed that the effectiveness of the new method was also established in actual products.

New interpolation method using discriminated color correlation for digital still cameras

This paper presents an interpolation method for digital still cameras (DSCs) which is based on color signal correlation. The authors have developed a method of reducing aliasing by increasing the resolution of color signals in DSCs that use a single-plate charge coupled device (CCD) with a primary color filter array. The new method interpolates signals by taking advantage of the fact that color signal variations are similar to one another in a local region of an image. It selects the signal that shows the higher correlation, either in the horizontal or vertical directions, at color signal positions subject to interpolation, thus improving the color resolution. First, the effectiveness of the new method was verified using image simulation. Next, the prototype hardware was fabricated. The prototype is fitted with an original reduced instruction set computer (RISC) built-in dynamic random access memory (DRAM) for processing image signals to provide high-speed camera signal processing. The authors also confirmed that the effectiveness of the new method was also established in actual products.

Hiroaki Sugiura

Papers

Video signal processor for detecting flesh tones in am image

A new automatic exposure system for digital still cameras

Method and apparatus for detecting flesh tones in an image

New interpolation method using discriminated color correlation for digital still cameras

Digital still cameras