Effects of nutrient solution temperature on the concentration of major bioactive compounds in red perilla

Anthocyanins play beneficial roles in plant growth and development such as the reduction of photo-oxidative damage to leaf cells. Tartary buckwheat contains two anthocyanins, namely, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, which are accumulated in the stems and leaves. In order to clarify which type of anthocyanin is accumulated at different nodal positions, we investigated the type of anthocyanin and their contents in buckwheat stems using HPLC. The anthocyanins detected were identified as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside by comparison with the retention times and co-chromatography with the standard solutions. The contents of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside at the proximal stem position were higher than those at the distal stem position. The ratio of each anthocyanin to total anthocyanin varied with the nodal positions. An outdoor study suggested that UV stress might influence the ratio of each anthocyanin to total anthocyanin. Consequently, we inv...

Differences in the Ratios of Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and Cyanidin-3-O-rutinocide to Total Anthocyanin under UV and Non-UV Conditions in Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Garten)

Les relations entre le contenu des aiguilles de pin sylvestre en flavanonols et la mortalite larvaire de D pini ont ete etudiees. Les variations quantitatives de 2 composes, caracterises comme etant la taxifoline (T) et un glucoside de taxifoline (TG), ont ete observees en fonction de differents facteurs. De fortes differences quantitatives ont ete observees sur le contenu en TG de 30 clones. L'evolution du contenu des aiguilles en T et TG au cours d'une annee se caracterise, en particulier, par de fortes teneurs en T en automne. De meme, l'effet de l'obscurite sur les rameaux provoque une augmentation de la forme aglycone (.)

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Quantitative variations of taxifolin and its glucoside in Pinus sylvestris needles consumed by Diprion pini larvae

Seedlings of benitade, Polygonum hydropiper L., were irradiated with eight kinds of monochromatic light in the range of 400-730nm for different periods of 1 hour, 9 hours, 3 days and 5 days, at the intensity of about 9Jm-2s-1.The anthocyanin content per plant was higher at 665-700nm (red region) on 1 hour irradiation, and at 400-460nm (violet-blue region) and 700-715nm (far red region) on 9 hours irradiation, respectively. Although anthocyanin synthesis was most promoted both at 400-460nm and 665-700nm on 3 days irradiation, two peaks were evident at 460 and 665nm, the latter being 30% higher than the former, on 5 days irradiation. Except on 1 hour irradiation, the anthocyanin content was the least at 560nm (green region).The seedlings were irradiated for 30 or 60min alternately with red and far red light with relatively broad wavelength at the intensity of about 6 and 4Jm-2s-1, respectively. In addition, alternate irradiations with red and far red light for 5min each, per hour, was intermittently repeated 7 times. The stimulating effect of red light on anthocyanin synthesis was lost on subsequent irradiation of far red light, however, it was recovered again with re-irradiation of red light. From these results, it seemed that one of the photoreceptors for anthocyanin synthesis in Polygonum would be a phytochrome.

Effect of Monochromatic Light on Anthocyanin Content in Seedlings of Benitade (Polygonum hydropiper L.)

本実験はレッドチコリー結球葉のアントシアニン生成に及ぼす環境要因を明らかにする目的で, 温度, 光の影響と糖含量との関係について調べたものである.1.温度処理による生育は, 20/15℃区で最も旺盛で, 次いで25/20℃区, 15/10℃区と続き, 30/25℃区では生育が顕著に劣る傾向を示した.アントシアニン生成は, 15/10℃の低温下で最も良好で, 次いで20/15℃, 25/20℃, 30/25℃の順となり, 特に30/25℃の高温下では著しく抑制された.なお糖含量においても15/10℃の低温区で最も多く, 温度の高いほど少なくなり, アントシアニン生成と同じ傾向を示し, 両者の間に相互関係があるものと考えられた.2.光量との関係をみると, 生育は20/15℃の340μmolm-2s-1区で最も旺盛で, 光量の少ない区ほど生育は劣った.アントシアニン生成も, 光量の少なくなるにつれて低下した.特に, 80μmol m-2s-1以下の光量区では, 15/10℃の低温下でもアントシアニン生成が著しく減少する傾向を示した.また, 糖含量は, 15/10℃, 20/15℃, 25/20℃区では光量の低下するにつれて減少する傾向を示し, アントシアニン含量と同じ傾向であったが, 30/25℃の高温下では光量の低い区で糖含量が増加した.3.紫外線の影響をみると, いずれの温度条件でも紫外線処理による生育への影響は小さく, レッドチコリーの生育に対する紫外線の影響は認められなかった.アントシアニン生成に対しては, いずれの温度条件下でも紫外線透過区でアントシアニン生成が助長され, 紫外線カット区で抑制された.特に, 15/10℃及び20/15℃の低温下で紫外線の効果が明らかであった.糖含量もすべての温度で紫外線透過区で高く, 紫外線カット区で低かった.しかし, 紫外線カットによってアントシアン生成は著しく抑制されたが, 糖含量に対してはそれほどの大きな影響はみられなかった.

Effect of Environmental Factors on Anthocyanin Synthesis and Sugar Content in Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum

In order to clarify the optimum day and night temperatures for anthocyanin synthesis of Benitade (Polygonum hydropiper L.), seedlings were grown for 10-14 days after the unfolding of cotyledons in the 4 outdoor plastic chambers regulated at different temperatures.In the two experiments with constant temperatures through day and night, at the range of 5-20°C and 20-35°C with 5°C interval, the anthocyanin content per plant was higher at 15-20°C. However, the anthocyanin concentration per fresh weight was higher at 10°C.In the 4 experiments with the respective night temperatures kept at 5, 10, 15 and 20°C, the effects of different day temperatures, 5-20°C, 10-25°C, 15-30°C and 20-35°C, were investigated. In the experiments with night temperatures of 10-20°C, the anthocyanin content was the highest at the day temperatures equal to, or at most, 5°C higher than the night temperatures, respectively. However, in case of the night temperature of 5°C, the anthocyanin content was higher at the day temperatures of 10-20°C, and the lowest at 5°C. As for the anthocyanin concentration in case of night temperature of 10-20°C also, it tended to become highest at the relatively lower day temperatures equal to the night temperatures. However, in case of the night temperature of 5°C, the anthocyanin concentration was highest at the day temperature of 10°C, and the lowest at 5°C and 20°C.In the 3 experiments with respective day temperatures kept at 10, 20 and 30°C, the effects of different night temperatures, 5-10°C, 5-20°C and 5-30°C, were investigated. Irrespective of day temperature treatments, the lower the night temperature, the higher the anthocyanin content and concentration, being highest at 5°C.From the above results, the optimum temperature for anthocyanin synthesis in Polygonum seedlings seemed to be 10°C for daytime and 5°C for night.

Effect of Temperature on Anthocyanin Synthesis in Seedlings of Benitade (Polygonum hydropiper L.)

The seedlings of benitade (Polygonum hydropiper L.) are used as the garnish for sliced raw fish of white flesh, due to their purplish red appearance. In connection with their appearance, effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were studied on the anthocyanin and chlorophyll contents of seedlings grown in pots filled with washed sand. Growth measurements, nitrogen and carbohydrate determinations were also made. Seedlings supplied with deionized water only were the control.1. Seedlings supplied with sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and urea, respectively (2, 5 and 10me/l as N), exhibited greenish tinge on their cotyledons and hypocotyls, and had more growth, higher chlorophyll, and lower anthocyanin contents at each nitrogen level, in comparison with the control seedlings exhibiting purplish red appearance. Nitrate seedlings were affected even at 1me. On the other hand, the seedlings supplied with 2me of ammonium sulfate didn′t show any differences compared with the control, and even at 5-10me effects of ammonium nitrogen were less than those of other forms of nitrogen. However, in another experiment ammonium seedlings at 2me had somewhat more growth, higher chlorophyll, and lower anthocyanin contents than the control.2. Application of sodium dihydrogenphosphate (0.75, 1.5 and 3me as PO4-P) or potassium sulfate (0.5, 1 and 3me as K) showed no differences in seedling growth, chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents compared with the control. Even in case they were applied with nitrate or ammonium nitrogen, any additive effects to those of nitrogen were not found.3. Seedlings supplied with 2me of ammonium, nitrate and urea, respectively, had higher total and protein nitrogen contents and lower contents of carbohydrates such as total and reducing sugars and starch, however, the difference from the control was the least in ammonium seedlings. Nitrate seedlings were lower in carbohydrate contents even at 1me. The decrease of anthocyanin in the seedlings supplied with nitrogen was discussed with relation to the decrease of carbohydrate contents due to the increment of nitrogen fractions.

Hiroyuki Miura

Papers

Effect of Monochromatic Light on Anthocyanin Content in Seedlings of Benitade (Polygonum hydropiper L.)

Effect of Temperature on Anthocyanin Synthesis in Seedlings of Benitade (Polygonum hydropiper L.)

Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Anthocyanin Content of the Seedlings of Polygonum hydropiper L. in Sand Culture

Relation between Anthocyanin and Carbohydrate Concentrations in Seedlings of Benitade (Polygonum hydropiper L.)

Effect of light on anthocyanin content of seedlings of benitade (Polygonum hydropiper L.)