世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

The author systematically examines one of the important issues of information — establishing the market price. He introduces the concept of «search» — where a buyer wanting to get a better price, is forced to question sellers. The article deals with various aspects of finding the necessary information.

Economics of Information

We investigate conditions sufficient for identification of average treatment effects using instrumental variables. First we show that the existence of valid instruments is not sufficient to identify any meaningful average treatment effect. We then establish that the combination of an instrument and a condition on the relation between the instrument and the participation status is sufficient for identification of a local average treatment effect for those who can be induced to change their participation status by changing the value of the instrument. Finally we derive the probability limit of the standard IV estimator under these conditions. It is seen to be a weighted average of local average treatment effects.

Evolution and Rationality Some Recent Game-Theoretic Results. Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects

Carrier-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes and Bulk Optodes. 1. General Characteristics.

Economics Of Discrimination

Several 14-membered thia crown ether ionophores having a bulky block subunit were synthesized, and their chemical structures and ion selectivities were examined in detail when these compounds were used as an ion-sensing component of an ion-selective electrode. The ionophores of both cyclic and noncyclic thia ethers exhibited a high selectivity for silver ion (Ag+), in which the sulfur atom in the ionophore molecule plays a role as the effective coordination donor site for the silver ion. The best Ag+-selective electrode was prepared with the 14-membered thia crown ether having one sulfur atom, three oxygen atoms, and a bulky pinan subunit. The ion selectivity of this electrode for Ag+ was over 104 times that for other metal cations. In the case where the sulfide in the thia ether ionophore was changed to sulfoxide by oxidation, ion selectivity for mercury ion became higher; therefore, the sulfoxide was found to be an effective coordination site for the mercury ion. The ion selectivity features of noncycli...

Structural Ion Selectivity of Thia Crown Ether Compounds with a Bulky Block Subunit and Their Application as an Ion-Sensing Component for an Ion-Selective Electrode

Highly Li + -selective ionophores based on 14-crown-4 derivatives were designed and synthesized, and the relationship of their molecular structures and ion selectivities was investigated in order to obtain a highly Li + -selective electrode. The ion selectivities were examined with 11 kinds of 14-crown-4 derivatives, which were prepared a ccording to the proposed two types of Li + ionophore models. Excellent Li + -selective ionophores were obtained by introducing a bulky «block» subunit into the ethano-bridge section of the base crown ring, which effectively prevents the formation of a 2:1 or 3:1 sandwich-type complex consisting of the crown ether and cations larger than Li +

Hiroyuki Yamada

Papers

Structural Ion Selectivity of Thia Crown Ether Compounds with a Bulky Block Subunit and Their Application as an Ion-Sensing Component for an Ion-Selective Electrode

Design and synthesis of highly selective ionophores for lithium ion based on 14-crown-4 derivatives for an ion-selective electrode

Mobile phones and market information: Evidence from rural Cambodia

Lithium ion selective optical sensor based on a novel neutral ionophore and a lipophilic anionic dye

The origin of FDI and domestic firms’ productivity—Evidence from Vietnam