In the context of constant growth in the utilization of the Li-ion batteries, there was a great surge in the quest for electrode materials and predominant usage that lead to the retiring of Li-ion batteries. This review focuses on the recent advances in the anode and cathode materials for the next-generation Li-ion batteries. To achieve higher power and energy demands of Li-ion batteries in future energy storage applications, the selection of the electrode materials plays a crucial role. The electrode materials, such as carbon-based, semiconductor/metal, metal oxides/nitrides/phosphides/sulfides, determine appreciable properties of Li-ion batteries such as greater specific surface area, a minimal distance of diffusion, and higher conductivity. Various classifications of the anode materials such as the intercalation/de- intercalation, alloy/de-alloy, and various conversion materials are illustrated lucidly. Further, the cathode materials, such as nickel-rich LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM), were discussed. NCM members such as NCM 333, NCM 523 that enabled to advance for NCM622 and NCM81are reported. The nanostructured materials bridged the gap in the realization of next-generation Li-ion batteries. Li-ion batteries’ electrode nanostructure synthesis, performance, and reaction mechanisms were considered with great concern. The serious effects of Li-ion batteries disposal need to be cut significantly to reduce the detrimental effect on the environment. Hence, the recycling of spent Li-ion batteries has gained much attention in recent years. Various recycling techniques and their effect on the electroactive materials are illustrated. The key areas covered in this review are anode and cathode materials and recent advances along with their recycling techniques. In light of crucial points covered in this review, it constitutes a suitable reference for engineers, researchers, and designers in energy storage applications.

A Comprehensive Review of Li-Ion Battery Materials and Their Recycling Techniques

The role of Mn in C14 Laves phase multi-component alloys for NiMH battery application

Structure and electrochemical properties of the Fe substituted Ti–V-based hydrogen storage alloys

The structure, hydrogen storage, and electrochemical properties of Fe-doped C14-predominating AB2 metal hydride alloys

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of rod-like CuFe2O4 as an anode material for Na-ion battery

Development of AB2-type Zr–Ti–Mn–V–Ni–Fe hydride electrodes for Ni–MH secondary batteries

LiNi1−yCoyO2 samples were synthesized at 800 °C and 850 °C, by the solid-state reaction method, using the starting materials LiOH·H2O, Li2CO3, NiO, NiCO3, Co3O4 and CoCO3. The LiNi1−yCoyO2 synthesized using Li2CO3, NiO and Co3O4 exhibited the α-NaFeO2 structure of the rhombohedral system (space group \({R\bar 3m}\)). As the Co content increased, the lattice parameters a and c decreased. The reason is that the radius of the Co ion is smaller than that of the Ni ion. The increase in c/a shows that a two-dimensional structure develops better as the Co content increases. The LiNi0.7Co0.3O2 synthesized at 800 °C using LiOH · H2O, NiO and Co3O4 exhibited a larger first discharge capacity of 162 mAh g−1 than the other samples. The cycling performances of the samples with the first discharge capacity larger than 150 mAh g−1 were investigated. LiNi0.9Co0.1O2 synthesized at 850 °C using Li2CO3, NiO and Co3O4 showed excellent cycling performance. Samples with larger first discharge capacity will have a greater tendency for lattice destruction due to expansion and contraction during intercalation and deintercalation, than samples with smaller first discharge capacity. As the first discharge capacity increases, the capacity fading rate thus increases.

Electrochemical properties of cathode materials LiNi1-yCoyO2 synthesized using various starting materials

Electrochemical characteristics of LiNi0.7Co0.3O2 synthesized at 850 °C from carbonates or oxides of Li, Ni, and Co

Electrochemical performance of cobalt-substituted lithium nickel oxides synthesized from lithium and nickel carbonates and cobalt oxide

Synthesis of lithium LiNi1−yCoyO2 from lithium carbonate, nickel oxide and cobalt carbonate and their electrochemical properties

Ho Rim

Papers

Development of AB2-type Zr–Ti–Mn–V–Ni–Fe hydride electrodes for Ni–MH secondary batteries

Electrochemical properties of cathode materials LiNi1-yCoyO2 synthesized using various starting materials

Electrochemical characteristics of LiNi0.7Co0.3O2 synthesized at 850 °C from carbonates or oxides of Li, Ni, and Co

Electrochemical performance of cobalt-substituted lithium nickel oxides synthesized from lithium and nickel carbonates and cobalt oxide

Synthesis of lithium LiNi1−yCoyO2 from lithium carbonate, nickel oxide and cobalt carbonate and their electrochemical properties