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Numerical Heat Transfer And Fluid Flow

A comprehensive review on the state-of-the-art of piezoelectric energy harvesting

The state-of-the-art review on energy harvesting from flow-induced vibrations

Structural vibrations caused by a flowing fluid. Whenever a structure is exposed to a flowing fluid,…

Flow-induced vibration

This work provides an overview of the most common polymeric corrosion inhibitors for the oil and gas industry Exploration, production and transportation of petroleum and natural gas products constantly deal with highly corrosive environments due to oxygen, acid stimulation, CO2 and H2S contamination Therefore, versatile materials are required in order to keep corrosion rates in control Unlike small molecule corrosion inhibitors, polymers possess multi-functionality and better film-forming capabilities, which could significantly improve protective barrier properties In this article, polymeric architectures tested in relevant oil and gas media are compiled in order to highlight certain moieties capable of complex formation with the metal surface or chelation on corrosive agents resulting to improved corrosion inhibition

Polymeric corrosion inhibitors for the oil and gas industry: Design principles and mechanism

Direct numerical simulations for flow over six tandem circular cylinders at Reynolds numbers (Re) from 40 to 180 and gap ratios ( G/D) from 0.5 to 18 were conducted. The main aims are to identify vortex transitions from primary to secondary vortices and from secondary to tertiary vortices and to explore the mechanisms for these transitions. In addition, the variations of the force coefficients and Strouhal numbers with the transitions are also examined. Based on the characteristics of vortex shedding frequency, flow patterns, and force coefficients on the cylinders, four flow regimes, namely, no-shedding, primary shedding, secondary shedding, and tertiary shedding regimes, were mapped out in the Re– G/D domain. The three shedding regimes always initiate from the last cylinder. With the increase of Re and/or G/D, the onset locations of the regimes shift upstream. The secondary and tertiary vortices are formed after a region of convective instability characterized by two-row parallel vortex streets or shear layers. Two physical mechanisms for the transition from primary to secondary vortices are identified. The first one is associated with shear layer instabilities developed after the decay of the primary vortices, and the second one is the merging of the primary vortices. The transition from secondary to tertiary vortices involves vortex merging only. Whereas no-shedding or primary shedding regimes occur at smaller gap ratios or lower Reynolds numbers, the three vortex shedding patterns (primary, secondary, and tertiary) can co-exist for larger gap ratios or higher Reynolds numbers, and each pattern dominates a region around the group of cylinders. The variations of the flow patterns, vortex shedding frequency, and force coefficients on the cylinders in each of the flow regimes are quantified and interpreted. When the number of cylinders is increased to more than 6 at a gap ratio of 15, no further transition is observed after the transition to tertiary wake, and the vortex shedding processes on the downstream cylinders become chaotic without a dominant frequency, suggesting that for multiple tandem cylinders, only two transitions, corresponding to the generations of the secondary and tertiary vortices, can be identified. The change in Reynolds number or gap ratio influences the onset locations of the transitions only. 

Wake transitions of six tandem circular cylinders at low Reynolds numbers

A blending approach of mobile learning and formal classroom learning is proposed and applied in the teaching of offshore engineering environment and loads. The Rain classroom developed by Tsinghua University was incorporated into the teacher‐guided classes. A smoother communication, as well as real‐time interaction between teachers and students, was achieved with the aid of mobile learning technology. The participants were juniors from Offshore Oil and Gas Engineering, a subject ranking on the list of world first‐class disciplines. The same examination was issued to both groups after the learning of offshore engineering environment and loads with and without the application of Rain classroom. Furthermore, a survey was conducted on the former group. According to the results, students experienced that the blending learning has a positive attitude toward the reformation of learning mode, and they obtained higher scores in the final examination than the control group. Further extensive studies are required to evaluate the effects of learning intensity, time duration, frequency of teacher–student interaction, and participants from different educational backgrounds.

Application of Rain classroom in formal classroom learning in the teaching of offshore engineering environment and loads

Hydrodynamic characteristics and wake structure of flow over a round-ended cylinder is invaluable for the design of associated cylindrical structures such as bridge piers and submerged floating tunnels (SFT). This paper reports the results of a numerical investigation into the flow past a round-ended cylinder and the associated hydrodynamic forces as well as the evolution of vortex structure and boundary layer separation. The effect of incidence angle α, ranging from 0{degree sign} to 90{degree sign}, is examined at a low Reynolds number of 100 based on the projected length. Both the drag and lift forces are sensitive to the incidence angle. When 0{degree sign} < α < 90{degree sign}, boundary layers asymmetrically separate from two sides of the cylinder, giving rise to a time-mean pressure difference that is not perpendicular to the incoming flow direction. There are two directly related results, one is the non-zero time-mean lift coefficient, and the other is the occurrence of a secondary frequency of drag coefficient same as that of lift coefficient. The most forward separation point of upper boundary layer and the maximum size difference of vortices generated from two sides contribute to the maximum time-mean lift coefficient occurring at α = 45{degree sign}. The vortex formation length is shortened with increasing α, resulting in the augment of the fluctuation amplitudes of fluid forces. The enlargement of drag force is mainly attributed to the broadened wake width with the increase of α.

Hydrodynamic characteristics and wake structure of flow over a round-ended cylinder at a low Reynolds number

Offshore practical training is extremely challenging for undergraduate students from the point of view of security. In order to create a safe training environment for offshore oil and gas engineering education, three virtual emulation laboratories have been developed. The components, functions, and connections of the emulators are described in this paper. The use of these laboratories and the feeling of students are discussed. It is evident from the evaluation of learning outcomes that using such virtual laboratories is a preferred approach to cultivate the practical skills of undergraduate students more safely and economically. Moreover, the confidence and innovative capability are enhanced significantly.

Virtual emulation laboratories for teaching offshore oil and gas engineering

Deposition of asphaltenes can occur in the tubing, pipelines and surface facilities leading to operational problems and loss in production. Nevertheless, accurate predictions of asphaltene instability have been elusive. Therefore, simulations of oil-gas-water three-phase flow in different structural pipelines are presented using 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics to get the distribution of each phase and the deposition rate of asphaltene. Calculation results show that flow velocity increases with the reduction of the effective cross-sectional area of the pipe, which leads to its vibration and shorter service life. In the other hand, pressure and temperature in the shrunken effective cross-sectional area decrease with the increase of velocity, intensifying the asphaltene deposition and transportation difficulty. Impact of deposition in bend and sudden changed pipelines is greater than that in straight ones. The calculation results of this paper can provide a guide for safe design and transportation of heavy crude oil in submarine pipelines.

Hongjun Zhu

Papers

Wake transitions of six tandem circular cylinders at low Reynolds numbers

Application of Rain classroom in formal classroom learning in the teaching of offshore engineering environment and loads

Hydrodynamic characteristics and wake structure of flow over a round-ended cylinder at a low Reynolds number

Virtual emulation laboratories for teaching offshore oil and gas engineering

Notice of Retraction Simulations of deposition rate of asphaltene and flow properties of oil-gas-water three-phase flow in submarine pipelines by CFD