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BACKGROUND\nObesity in childhood is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. It is uncertain whether this risk is attenuated in persons who are overweight or obese as children but not obese as adults.\n\n\nMETHODS\nWe analyzed data from four prospective cohort studies that measured childhood and adult body-mass index (BMI, the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters). The mean length of follow-up was 23 years. To define high adiposity status, international age-specific and sex-specific BMI cutoff points for overweight and obesity were used for children, and a BMI cutoff point of 30 was used for adults.\n\n\nRESULTS\nData were available for 6328 subjects. Subjects with consistently high adiposity status from childhood to adulthood, as compared with persons who had a normal BMI as children and were nonobese as adults, had an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (relative risk, 5.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4 to 8.5), hypertension (relative risk, 2.7; 95% CI, 2.2 to 3.3), elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (relative risk, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.4 to 2.3), reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (relative risk, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.8 to 2.5), elevated triglyceride levels (relative risk, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.4 to 3.8), and carotid-artery atherosclerosis (increased intima-media thickness of the carotid artery) (relative risk, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.4 to 2.2) (P ≤ 0.002 for all comparisons). Persons who were overweight or obese during childhood but were nonobese as adults had risks of the outcomes that were similar to those of persons who had a normal BMI consistently from childhood to adulthood (P>0.20 for all comparisons).\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nOverweight or obese children who were obese as adults had increased risks of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and carotid-artery atherosclerosis. The risks of these outcomes among overweight or obese children who became nonobese by adulthood were similar to those among persons who were never obese. (Funded by the Academy of Finland and others.).

Childhood Adiposity, Adult Adiposity, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors EDITORIAL COMMENT

Application of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) for water disinfection: A review

Epidemiology of childhood cancer.

Background: The rapid increase in the spread of COVID-19 and the numbers of infected patients worldwide has highlighted the need for intensive care unit (ICU) beds and more advanced therapy. This need is more urgent in resource-constrained settings. The present study aimed to identify the predictors of ICU admission among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Study design: The current study was conducted based on a retrospective cohort design. Methods: The participants included 665 definite cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)  hospitalized in Imam Hossein Hospital from February 20 to May 14, 2020. The baseline characteristics of patients were assessed, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to determine the significant odds ratio (OR) for ICU admission. Results: Participants were aged 59.52±16.72 years, and the majority (55.6%) of them were male. Compared to non-ICU patients (n=547), the ICU patients (n=118) were older, had more baseline comorbidities, and presented more often with dyspnea, convulsion, loss of consciousness, tachycardia, tachypnea, and hypoxia, and less often with myalgia. Significant OR (95% CI) of ICU admission was observed for the 60-80 age group (2.42, 95%CI: 1.01; 5.79), ≥80 age group (3.73, 95%CI: 1.44; 9.42), ≥3 comorbidities (2.07, 95%CI: 1.31; 3.80), loss of consciousness (6.70, 95%CI: 2.94, 15.24), tachypnea (1.79, 95%CI: 1.03, 3.11), and SpO2<90 (5.83, 95%CI: 2.74; 12.4). Abnormal laboratory results were more common among ICU-admitted patients; in this regard, leukocytosis (4.45, 95%CI: 1.49, 13.31), lymphopenia (2.39, 95%CI: 1.30; 4.39), elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) (1.99, 95%CI: 1.04; 3.83), and increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (2.25, 95%CI: 1.18-4.30) had a significant OR of ICU admission. Chest computer tomography (CT) revealed that consolidation (1.82, 95%CI: 1.02, 3.24), pleural effusion (3.19, 95%CI: 1.71, 5.95), and crazy paving pattern (8.36, 95%CI: 1.92, 36.48) had a significant OR of ICU admission. Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, the predictors of ICU admission were identified among epidemiological characteristics, presenting symptoms and signs, laboratory tests, and chest CT findings.

Predictors of Intensive Care Unit Admission among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in a Large University Hospital in Tehran, Iran.

Background and objectives: Intestinal parasitic infections are one of the most important health problems of many societies Food handlers who are not comply with health principles may transmit parasitic infections The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in food handlers health applicants in areas covered by Shomal Health Center in Tehran in 2016 Material and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 4072 of related food workers who referred to six health centers in Shomal Tehran for obtaining a health card All specimens were examined by direct method (wet method with Logel) for presence of parasite The collected data were entered into SPSS-22 statistical software and analyzed using descriptive statistics Results: In this study, 950 (233%) of participants were female and 3122 (767%) were male Intestinal parasitic infections were seen in 271 (77%) From these cases, 148 (546%) were Giardia and 72 (266%) Anthamobacilli, 21 (77%), Anthamobihistolitis, 19 (07%) Ascaris and 11 (73%) Tennia There was no relationship between the age and level of education of the participants and the intestinal parasitic infection Conclusion: The study showed that few food suppliers were contaminated with intestinal parasites and the most common cause of infection was Giardia Health control needs to be increased and in this regard, the continuation and development of education in order to improve the health of these people plays a decisive role

The Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Food Handlers Health Applicants in Areas Covered by Shomal Health Center in Tehran in 2016

Background: Methadone effectively alleviates psychiatric disorders. 


Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of methadone maintenance therapy in reduction of anxiety and depression among drug-abuser prisoners in Ahvaz Karoon’s prison. 


Patients and Methods: In our interventional case-control study, 100 drug-abuser prisoners in Ahvaz Karoon’s Prison, Iran, with the symptoms of depression and anxiety according to symptom checklist (SCL-90-R) were divided into methadone and control groups. Methadone group prisoners filled out the questionnaire at the beginning of the study and 6 months after methadone therapy and their scores were recorded. Similarly, 50 control group (without methadone or any other therapy) prisoners filled out the SCL-90-R and their scores were recorded. Afterwards, the data were collected and analyzed statistically by SPSS version 20. Independent T-test was used for comparison between the case and the control group. 


Results: The average ages of control and methadone groups were 42.24 ± 9.8 and 42.30 ± 9.8 years, respectively. The difference between groups regarding depression in methadone group (0.67 ± 0.49) and control group (2.82 ± 0.67) was significant (P = 0.001). The difference between methadone (0.59 ± 0.24) and control (2.56 ± 0.38) groups regarding anxiety was significant (P = 0.001). The difference in obsession between methadone (0.51 ± 0.25) and control (2.78 ± 0.43) groups was significant (P = 0.001). Moreover, the difference between hostility in methadone (0.61 ± 0.43) and control (2.48 ± 0.52) groups was significant (P = 0.001). 


Conclusions: This study indicated that methadone effectively alleviates psychiatric disorders in drug addicts . Furthermore, methadone maintenance treatment improved patients’ quality of life and kept them in a mood-stabilization stage.

The Effectiveness of Methadone Maintenance Treatment in the Reduction of Anxiety and Depression Among Drug-Related Prisoners

In this research, laboratory investigations and numerical studies are performed on flat and curved steel sheets under the influence of impact caused by the free fall of weights, with and without reinforcers of different transections. In this study, a flat sheet (infinite curvature) and a curved sheet with the curvature radius of 110 mm and a specific level of impact energy (a free fall height) are used for st.12 steel sheets of 1 mm thickness with the dimensions of 220 * 200 mm. The material and thickness of the energy absorbers are similar as the original sheet, and rectangular, cylindrical, half cylindrical, sinusoidal and triangular transection shapes, are considered. In the experimental method, the pickup acceleration is measured by the accelerometer sensor and the post-blow-out plate deformation is measured. The evaluated parameters include the amount of impact acceleration, the rate of permanent deformation, and the amount of energy absorption by the sheet. The Abaqus finite element software is used for numerical modeling. The results show that the curvature reduces the acceleration of the impact and increases the steady deformation and the energy absorption. The reinforcers in general, reduce the amount of crush length, but tape reinforcers reduce also the energy absorption of these sheets compared to plain sheets. Regarding the variety of the reinforcers, the cylindrical element performs better, because it has less impact acceleration and more energy absorption than orthogonal reinforcers, however, there is an increase in the amount of deformation of these sheets.

https://maj.ihu.ac.ir/article_205529_59a647d45ac66ed8172fea423c931d73.pdf

Studies on the effect of reinforcers types on flat and curved steel sheets’ performance under drop impact

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is a severe vector-borne viral hemorrhagic fever with considerable mortality in humans. This disease is endemic in Afghanistan, and its incidence rate has rapidly increased in recent years. This infection can cause a broad range of hemorrhage manifestations including epistaxis, petechial or purpuric rashes, hematemesis, and melena; however, vaginal bleeding is also reported as a rare manifestation.We report the case of a previously healthy 30-year-old Afghan female of shepherding occupation, with a sudden onset of fever, generalized body pain, epistaxis, and vaginal bleeding. She was admitted to the hospital after 7 days of symptom manifestation, with predominant signs being high fever, vaginal bleeding, and elevated liver enzymes. The serological test result for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever was positive. She was treated with oral ribavirin and discharged with normal parameters.People in high-risk professions in endemic areas should be informed that vaginal bleeding is a serious symptom and requires immediate action and, therefore, might be attributed to nongynecologic disorders. 

/pdf/vaginal-bleeding-as-a-sign-of-crimean-congo-hemorrhagic-39soq8x6.pdf

Hossein Hatami

Papers

Predictors of Intensive Care Unit Admission among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in a Large University Hospital in Tehran, Iran.

The Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Food Handlers Health Applicants in Areas Covered by Shomal Health Center in Tehran in 2016

The Effectiveness of Methadone Maintenance Treatment in the Reduction of Anxiety and Depression Among Drug-Related Prisoners

Studies on the effect of reinforcers types on flat and curved steel sheets’ performance under drop impact

Vaginal bleeding as a sign of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever infection: a case report