Showing papers by "Howard Giles published in 1987"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that "ethnolinguistic identity theory" can provide a valuable new direction for furthering our understanding of the variables and mechanisms involved in the maintenance of an ethnic language in different social settings.
Abstract: The study of language maintenance and erosion has traditionally been approached from a sociological perspective, and this is understandable given that data are invariably collected at a macrolevel in terms of group tendencies. At the same time, the people who constitute the collectivities examined have of necessity to make up their own minds regarding whether to maintain their ethnic tongue or let it erode. In other words, given that personal decisions are being made and individual strategies enacted (albethey highly social), we feel that language-maintenance theory would be enriched by a social psychological input. As such, and in the context of language maintenance being an intergroup phenomenon to the extent that it is being fostered side by side or in conflict with another group's language, cognitive processes relating to social categorization, identity, comparison, attitude formation, attribution, and second-language acquisition (among many others) have an important part to play even at the macro-level. To this end, we argue that 'ethnolinguistic identity theory' can provide a valuable new direction for furthering our understanding of the variables and mechanisms involved in the maintenance of an ethnic language in different social settings. This theory was originally formulated to address the issue of who in an ethnic group uses what language strategy, when, and why, in interethnic encounters. More specifically, we were concerned with explaining why it was that in certain situations some members of a group accentuate their ethnolinguistic characteristics (be it by dialect, language, or whatever) when conversing with outgroup speakers, while others converge toward them by attenuating their linguistic distinctiveness. Now, the former divergent act can be considered a special case of language maintenance (short-term) at the micro-level. Indeed, this type of face-to-face strategy may arguably be an instance of language maintenance par excellence in the sense that when an outgroup language is the societal norm, ethnolinguistic differentiation can invoke considerable social sanctions as a consequence. Moreover, in some situations, little cognitive effort may be involved in maintaining one's own dialect or language within the private and 'safe' confines of the home and
547 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a speech accommodation theory for the first decade and beyond of the 1990s is presented. But this theory is restricted to speech accomodation theory and is not suitable for non-accomodative speech.
Abstract: (1987). Speech Accommodation Theory: The First Decade and Beyond. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 10, Communication Yearbook 10, pp. 13-48.
449 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the case of Hong Kong is considered and intergroup vitality perceptions during a period of political uncertainty are investigated, and the case is shown to be similar to ours.
Abstract: (1987). Intergroup vitality Perceptions during a period of political uncertainty: The case of Hong Kong. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development: Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 451-460.
30 citations
TL;DR: This article conducted an extended Rokeach value survey to three Asian groups (Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs) and to a British indigenous sample; the bilingual immigrants were offered a choice of the questionnaire in their own ethnic tongue or in English.
Abstract: While the British literature on multilingualism has invoked value differentials not only between Asian immigrant groups and the host culture but also amongst the former, no empirical evidence actually exists. Hence, an extended Rokeach Value Survey was administered to three Asian groups (Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs) and to a British indigenous sample; the bilingual immigrants were offered a choice of the questionnaire in their own ethnic tongue or in English. Canonical variate analyses showed large intergroup value differentials with language choice having an effect for all Asian groups (greatest for Sikhs and least for Hindus). The specific differentials, however, depended on the dimension examined. Immigrants choosing English had a value position intermediate to the indigenous group and the Asians choosing their ingroup tongue.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate intragroup variability and its effect on social identity, based on assumptions of power differentials within groups, and the attempts of the relatively more conservative groups.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to investigate intragroup variability and its effect on social identity. Based on assumptions of power differentials within groups, and the attempts of the relatively more ...
19 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Afrikaner identity: Diversity among the right is discussed in the context of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp 283-292.
Abstract: (1987). Afrikaner identity: Diversity among the right. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development: Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 283-292.
15 citations