Plants have been used as a source for food material and natural remedies for the treatment of vast range of diseases. Nature provides us remedies for the treatment of various types of disorders ranging from simple ailments to complicated diseases. Plants are known to possess different pharmacological activities due to the presence of various phytoconstituents. Flavonoids are one of the main active phytoconstituents found in fruits, vegetables, wines, tea and cocoa. Flavonoids exhibit various pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antibacterial, oestrogenic, cytotoxic antitumoural, hepatoprotective, antithrombotic and antiviral activity. Diosmetin (3′, 5, 7-trihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone), the aglycone part of the flavonoid glycosides diosmin occurs naturally in citrus fruit. Although it is found in herbal medicines and plays an important role in the treatment of various ailments, only limited scientific researches have been conducted. The aim of this review is to collect all available scientific literature published on diosmetin and combine it into this paper. This review contains an overview of pharmacological activities, isolation techniques and analytical techniques for diosmetin. Thus, valuable information provided in the present review will help researchers in developing alternative methods for the treatment of diseases from diosmetin.

A review on pharmacological and analytical aspects of diosmetin: A concise report

C-glycosylflavonoids represent a group of oxygen heterocyclic compounds found widespread in a variety of plants. Synthetic organic chemists are now progressively utilizing C-glycosylflavonoid scaffolds due to their high biological potential. The present review deals with advances in C-glycosylflavonoids research, namely establishing a new updated database of the natural occurrence of C- glycosylflavonoids - one hundred and nine new structures have been reported up to 2011. The structural characterization of some novel C-glycosylflavonoids from various plant species is also discussed. The reported organic synthetic routes along with the biosynthetic as- pects of C-glycosylflavonoids are also reviewed. Finally the paper underlines the wide range of C-glycosylflavonoid biological activity. The mentioned topics are detailed in particular chapters and are supported in 187 references.

Advances in C-glycosylflavonoid Research

Exploring and developing multiple utility technologies of plant resources is an alternative way for improving the efficiency of land used for food and fuel production. Chicory ( Cichorium intybus L.) has a nutritional quality comparable to lucerne as it contains similar proportions of protein, lipid, minerals and other nutrients. Based on its chemical and biological activities, this research work evaluated and overviewed recent advances in utilization technologies and studies of chicory. It focuses on the biochemical compositions and physiological bioactivities of extractives from chicory and clearly states the promising potential utility technologies of the plant: Curative effect as a forage or vegetable with good digestibility, use of chicory in confectionery products and beverages, potential use in discovering new effective medicine and the development of new salubrious functional foods, additives and other profitable green bioproducts. However, a significant research gap still remains in these pharmacological actions and discoveries, and as such, the utilization of the health benefits of this plant should be put into practice. Thus, future research needs to be done in order to gain a better understanding and to further elucidate mechanisms of chicory and its extractives that are rationally suggested. Key words: Chicory, biochemical composition, pharmacological activities, utilization technologies.

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Perspectives and utilization technologies of chicory ( Cichorium intybus L.): A review

Anti-hepatitis B virus active constituents from Swertia chirayita.

Bioactive constituents from Vitex negundo var. heterophylla and their antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities

Ten flavonoids were isolated from the aboveground parts of Lespedeza davurica (Laxm.) Schindl.by column chromatography over silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 and polyamide.Their structures were identified as diosmetin (1),kaempferol (2),tamarixetin (3),luteolin (4),quercetine (5),quercetine-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (6),epicatechin (7),trifolin (8),isoorientin (9),and rutin (10),respectively,on the basis of their spectroscopic data.Compounds 1～10 were reported from this plant for the first time.This research showed that flavonoids,which were reported to have potent bioactivities,were abundant in L.davurica,and were probably the foundation of pharmacological effects of L.davurica.

Flavonoids from Lespedeza davurica.

Chemical investigation of the aerial parts of Lespedaza hedysaroides resulted in the isolation of 8 flavonoids:orientin (1), isoorientin (2), vitexin (3), isovitexin (4), Isomyricitrin (5), meletin-3-O-β-d-glucoside (6), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (7), 6-Xylopyranosylluteolin (8), The result showed t㏊t Lespedeza hedysaroides was rich in flavonoid glycosides, espically of C-glycosylflavones which have good Pharmacia and bioactive. So Lespedeza hedysaroides was concluded that it has vast prospect for exploitation and utilization.

A Study on the Flavonoids of Lespedeza hedysaroides

In order to study the herbicidal activity of root extracts of chicory(Cichorium intybus L.),the herbicidal activities of three solvent extracts from chicory root were tested on Trifolium repens L.,Lolium perenne L,C.intybus,and Abutilon theophrasti Medic.using seed germination method.The results show that ethanol extract had the highest herbicidal activity on the three species except T.repens,acetate extract the second place,and petroleum ether extract the lowest one to the four species.The sensitivities of seedling roots and tillers of the four species were different to the same extract.Tiller and root of A.theophrasti seedling were very sensitive to ethanol extract and the inhibition rates were 99.51% and 98.09%,respectively,when treated with 2.5 g·L-1 ethanol extract.

Hu TianMing

Papers

Flavonoids from Lespedeza davurica.

A Study on the Flavonoids of Lespedeza hedysaroides

Studies on Herbicidal Activities of Four Solvent Extracts from the Root of Cichorium intybus L.

Effects of grazing intensity on vegetation community and soil physicochemical properties of alpine meadow in Tibet.