https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/preview/1797952/1-s2.0-S0140673618322797-main.pdf

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Depression and anxiety are the most common psychiatric conditions in late life. Despite their prevalence, we know relatively little about their unique manifestation in older adults. And, Although the most common intervention for late-life depression and anxiety continues to be medication, research on psychosocial interventions for late-life depression and anxiety has burgeoned in the past several years. Unfortunately, this growing body of intervention research has yet to be widely translated into improved systems of care for late-life depression. This article is one step toward synthesizing the knowledge in this growing area of research. The review of literature presents the conclusions of several meta-analyses that have reviewed psychosocial interventions for late-life depression and anxiety. In addition, intervention studies concerning the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, reminiscence therapy, and alternative therapies with depressed and/or anxious older adults are reviewed. A brief description of various approaches to psychosocial intervention with anxious and/or depressed older adults is also presented.

Depression and anxiety.

Loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength has recently become a hot research topic with the extension of life span and an increasingly sedentary lifestyle in modern society. Maintenance of skeletal muscle mass is considered an essential determinant of muscle strength and function. Myokines are cytokines synthesized and released by myocytes during muscular contractions. They are implicated in autocrine regulation of metabolism in the muscle as well as in the paracrine/endocrine regulation of other tissues and organs including adipose tissue, the liver, and the brain through their receptors. Till date, secretome analysis of human myocyte culture medium has revealed over 600 myokines. In this review article, we summarize our current knowledge of major identified and characterized myokines focusing on their biological activity and function, particularly in muscle mass and function.

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Role of Myokines in Regulating Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function.

Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control of Hypertension in Korea

Background Cigarette smoking has been established as a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) development in people with diabetes. Conflicting evidence exists among representative community-based studies as to whether smoking is an independent risk factor for CKD. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the effects of tobacco smoking on the development of CKD in adult general populations. Methods A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE and Embase from their inception through 31 May 2016 for prospective cohort studies that reported relative risks of CKD with smoking status in the general population. Summary relative risks (SRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. Results A total of 15 prospective cohort studies, including 65 064 incident CKD cases, were included. Compared with never-smokers, the SRRs of incident CKD were 1.27 (95% CI 1.19-1.35) for ever-smokers, 1.34 (95% CI 1.23-1.47) for current smokers and 1.15 (95% CI 1.08-1.23) for former smokers. The SRRs for end-stage renal disease development were 1.51 (95% CI 1.24-1.84) for ever-smokers, 1.44 (95% CI 1.00-2.09) for former smokers and 1.91 (95% CI 1.39-2.64) for current smokers. Considerable heterogeneity was observed among these studies. After combining an additional three prospective cohort studies, which involved 5747 incident proteinuria cases, a null smoking-proteinuria association in the general population was observed. Conclusions Our meta-analysis suggests evidence for cigarette smoking as an independent risk factor for incident CKD. Future studies are required to investigate whether smoking cessation can decrease incident CKD in the general adult population.

Cigarette smoking and chronic kidney disease in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

To clarify the association of circulating irisin with muscle, liver and bone, and to evaluate irisin as a biomarker for sarcopenia in postmenopausal women. Quadriceps cross-sectional area (QcCSA), bone mineral density (BMD), liver attenuation (measured in Hounsfield units (HU)) were assessed using quantitative computed tomography in 153 postmenopausal women, mean age of 72.20 ± 5.96 years. Muscle strength and physical performance were evaluated by handgrip test and short physical performance battery, respectively. Serum irisin was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. In addition, 147 young women were recruited as a reference group to define cut-off values for sarcopenia. Circulating irisin was positively correlated with QcCSA/body weight (BW) and liver HU even after adjusting for multiple covariates, and the serum level was significantly lower in the sarcopenia group (QcCSA/BW<−2SD of the mean values for young women) than in the presarcopenia (−2SD≤QcCSA/BW<−1SD) or control groups (1SD≤QcCSA/BW<2SD). Logistic regression models showed that the relationship between circulating irisin and prevalence of sarcopenia remained significant after adjusting for confounding factors (per 1.0 ng/mL decrease of irisin, odds-ratio = 1.95, 95% confidence interval 1.33–2.87, p-value = 0.001). In postmenopausal women, serum irisin may be used as a biomarker for sarcopenia, and we showed the potential for the development of irisin-based early screening and staging tool for sarcopenia.

The novel myokine irisin: clinical implications and potential role as a biomarker for sarcopenia in postmenopausal women

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Joint National Committee guidelines attempt to vary treatment recommendations for patients based on considerations of their comorbidities. The aim of the present study is to estimate the age-standardized prevalence of common comorbidities among Korean hypertension patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We analyzed the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2013. Among the 58423 participants, 30092 adults, aged ≥30 yrs who completed a health examination and interview survey, were selected. The survey procedures were used to estimate weighted prevalence and odds ratios for 8 comorbidities, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and thyroid disease. RESULTS Most chronic conditions were more prevalent in adults with hypertension than in those without hypertension. Common comorbidities were obesity (60.1%), dyslipidemia (57.6%), and impaired fasting glucose (45.1%). Hypertensive patients with two or more comorbid diseases were 42.2% and those with three or more diseases were 17.7%. The age- and sex-specific prevalence of three or more comorbid diseases among male hypertension patients was significantly higher than those patients in the 30-59 (p<0.05) age group. CONCLUSION Comorbidity is highly prevalent in Korean patients with hypertension.

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Prevalence of Comorbidity among People with Hypertension: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2013

Background

Occupation influences the risk for developing chronic metabolic diseases.



Methods

We compared the prevalence of MetS by International Standard Classification of Occupations using the nationally representative data in Korea (KNHANES). We enrolled 16,763 workers (9,175 males; 7,588 females) who had measurements for the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria III and other variables. OR and 95%CIs for MetS and its components were estimated according to occupation using the multiple logistic regression models.



Results

The occupational groups with the highest age-standardized prevalence of MetS were lower skilled white-collar men (31.1 ± 2.4%) and green-collar women (24.2 ± 2.9%). Compared with the unskilled male blue-collar group, which had the lowest prevalence of MetS, the OR (95%CIs) of MetS in men were 1.77 (1.45–2.15) in higher skilled white-collar, 1.82 (1.47–2.26) in lower-skilled white-collar, 1.63 (1.32–2.01) in pink-collar and 1.37 (1.13–1.66) in skilled blue-collar workers in final logistic regression model.



Conclusions

MetS and its components vary by occupational category and gender in ways that may guide health interventions. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Metabolic outcomes of workers according to the International Standard Classification of Occupations in Korea

Purpose 
This study assessed the association of dry eyes with depression and suicidal ideation in a Korean adult population.


Methods 
Data from 16408 participants (6972 men and 9436 women) aged ≥ 19 years included in the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted from 2010–2012, were analyzed. For dry eyes, surveys of previous diagnosis of dry eye disease (DED) by an ophthalmologist and experience of subjective dry eye symptoms were separately used. Diagnosis of depression and suicidal ideation were obtained via responses to an interviewer-assisted questionnaire, and questions were asked in a closed-ended response format. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between dry eyes, depression, and suicidal ideation.


Results 
DED diagnosis exhibited an odds ratio (OR) of 1.32 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–1.57) for depression and 1.24 (95% CI 1.05–1.48) for suicidal ideation compared to those without DED, after adjusting for sex, age, education, occupation, household income, body mass index, smoking behavior, alcohol consumption, physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, thyroid diseases, major cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Similarly, the adjusted OR (95% CI) of dry eye symptoms was 1.50 (95% CI 1.30–1.73) for depression and 1.47 (95% CI 1.27–1.70) for suicidal ideation.


Conclusion 
Our findings suggest that dry eyes (either DED diagnosis or dry eye symptoms) may be associated with the prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation in the Korean adult population.

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Association between dry eye symptoms and suicidal ideation in a Korean adult population

Background: Metabolic disorders are established precursors to cardiovascular diseases, yet they can be readily prevented with sustained lifestyle modifications
Objective: We assessed the effectiveness of a smartphone-based weight management app on metabolic parameters in adults at high-risk, yet without physician diagnosis nor pharmacological treatment for metabolic syndrome, in a community setting
Methods: In this 3-arm parallel-group, single-blind, randomized controlled trial, we recruited participants aged 30 to 59 years with at least 2 conditions defined by the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program expert panel (abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high fasting glucose level) Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) by block randomization to either the nonuser group (control), the app-based diet and exercise self-logging group (app only), or the app-based self-logging and personalized coaching from professional dieticians and exercise coordinators group (app with personalized coaching) Assessments were performed at baseline, week 6, week 12, and week 24 The primary outcome was change in systolic blood pressure (between baseline and follow-up assessments) Secondary outcomes were changes in diastolic blood pressure, body weight, body fat mass, waist circumference, homeostatic model of assessment of insulin resistance, triglyceride level, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level between baseline and follow-up assessments Analysis was performed using intention-to-treat
Results: Between October 28, 2017 and May 28, 2018, 160 participants participated in the baseline screening examination Participants (129/160, 806%) who satisfied the eligibility criteria were assigned to control (n=41), app only (n=45), or app with personalized coaching (n=43) group In each group, systolic blood pressure showed decreasing trends from baseline (control: mean –1095, SD 209 mmHg; app only: mean –729, SD 183 mmHg; app with personalized coaching: mean –719, SD 166 mmHg), yet without significant difference among the groups (app only: P=19; app with personalized coaching: P=16) Instead, those in the app with personalized coaching group had greater body weight reductions (control: mean –012, SD 030 kg; app only: mean –035, SD 036 kg, P=67; app with personalized coaching: mean –096, SD 037 kg; P=08), specifically by body fat mass reduction (control: mean –013, SD 034 kg; app only: mean –064, SD 038 kg, P=22; app with personalized coaching: mean –079, SD 038 kg; P=08)
Conclusions: Simultaneous diet and exercise self-logging and persistent lifestyle modification coaching were ineffective in lowering systolic blood pressure but effective in losing weight and reducing body fat mass These results warrant future implementation studies of similar models of care on a broader scale in the context of primary prevention
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrialsgov NCT03300271; http://clinicaltrialsgov/ct2/show/NCT03300271

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Hyungseon Yeom

Papers

The novel myokine irisin: clinical implications and potential role as a biomarker for sarcopenia in postmenopausal women

Prevalence of Comorbidity among People with Hypertension: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2013

Metabolic outcomes of workers according to the International Standard Classification of Occupations in Korea

Association between dry eye symptoms and suicidal ideation in a Korean adult population

Effect of Smartphone-Based Lifestyle Coaching App on Community-Dwelling Population With Moderate Metabolic Abnormalities: Randomized Controlled Trial.